Correlação entre processamento auditivo temporal, duração das disfluências e gravidade da gagueira
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2020-02-27
Autores
Marconato, Eduarda [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: As inabilidades de cunho auditivo manifestam-se de diversas maneiras, e a qualidade do processamento da informação auditiva se constitui como um dos fatores que podem influenciar a gagueira. Assim, considerando-se as evidências científicas que sustentam a hipótese de que indivíduos que gaguejam apresentam conexões atípicas em regiões auditivas do hemisfério esquerdo, é possível presumir que as alterações do processamento temporal podem estar relacionadas a esse distúrbio. Objetivo: Comparar e correlacionar o desempenho do processamento temporal e o comportamento auditivo entre os subgrupos de escolares com gagueira. Método: Neste estudo, foram adotados alguns critérios para a seleção da amostra, dentre os quais se ressalta mínimo de 3% de disfluências típicas da gagueira; limiares audiométricos dentro dos padrões de normalidade; curva timpanométrica do tipo A; reflexos acústicos estapedianos contralaterais presentes e preferência manual direita. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, a casuística foi constituída por 26 crianças falantes nativas do Português Brasileiro, na faixa etária de sete a 11 anos e 11 meses, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos, sendo: Grupo Pesquisa 1 (GP1), composto por 13 escolares com gagueira leve, e Grupo Pesquisa 2 (GP2), composto por 13 escolares com gagueira grave. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: avaliação e confiabilidade da fluência, classificação da gravidade da gagueira (Stuttering Severity Instrument – SSI-3), aplicação do instrumento de triagem do comportamento auditivo (Scale of Auditory Behaviors – SAB), e avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo temporal (Teste Padrão de Frequência, na etapa de Imitação (TPF-I) e na etapa de Nomeação (TPF-N); Teste Padrão de Duração, na etapa de Imitação (TPD-I) e na etapa de Nomeação (TPD-N); e Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). Na análise estatística intergrupo, foi empregado o teste de “Mann-Whitney”, e nas análises de correlação para variáveis com distribuições não paramétricas, utilizou-se o Coeficiente de Spearman. Admitiu-se nível de significância igual ou menor a 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre o GP1 e o GP2 para o desempenho dos testes temporais e para o escore do questionário SAB. Não foi encontrada nenhuma correlação entre o desempenho do processamento auditivo temporal e o escore da duração do SSI-3. Houve correlação entre o TPF-N e o escore total do SSI-3 para o GP1 e entre o TPD-I, TPD-N e RGDT para o GP2. Ainda para o GP2, foi encontrada correlação entre o escore do questionário SAB e o escore total do SSI-3; e entre o escore do questionário SAB e o desempenho no TPD-I e no TPD-N. Para o total dos escolares, essa correlação foi encontrada apenas no TPF-I e no TPD-N. Conclusão: Na população estudada, o desempenho no processamento auditivo temporal se relacionou com a gravidade da gagueira e com o escore no questionário SAB.
Introduction: Auditory inabilities are manifested in several ways and the quality of auditory information processing is one of the factors that can influence stuttering. Thus, taking in consideration scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis that individuals who stutter have atypical connections in auditory regions of the left hemisphere, it is possible to assume that modifications in temporal processing may be related to this disorder. Objective: To compare and correlate temporal processing performance and auditory behavior among subgroups of students with stuttering. Method: This study adopted some criteria for population selection, among which is highlighted a minimum of 3% of stuttering-like disfluencies; hearing thresholds within the normal range; type A tympanometric curve; contralateral stapedius acoustic reflexes present and right manual preference. After applying the eligibility criteria, the sample consisted of 26 children who were native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, aged 7 to 11 years and 11 months, both genders, divided into two groups: Research Group 1 (RG1), composed of 13 students with mild stuttering, and Research Group 2 (RG2), composed of 13 students with severe stuttering. Methodological procedures adopted were: fluency evaluation and reliability, stuttering severity classification (Stuttering Severity Instrument – SSI-3), application of the auditory behavior screening instrument (Scale of Auditory Behaviors – SAB), and behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing (Pitch Pattern Sequence Test, in the Humming stage (PPS-H) and in the Nomination stage (DPS-N); Duration Pattern Sequence Test, in the Humming stage (DPS-H) and in the Nomination stage (DPS-N); and Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). The “Mann-Whitney” test was used for the intergroup statistical analysis, and the Spearman's coefficient was used in the correlation analyses for variables with non-parametric distributions. A significance level equal to or less than 5% (p≤0.05) was admitted. Results: The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the comparison between RG1 and RG2 for the performance of temporal tests and the SAB questionnaire score. There was no correlation between the auditory temporal processing performance and the SSI-3 duration score. There was a correlation between PPS-N and the SSI-3 total score for RG1 and between DPS-H, DPS-N and RGDT for RG2. Also for RG2, a correlation was found between the SAB score and the SSI-3 total score; and between the SAB score and the performance in DPS-H and DPS-N tests. For the total number of students, this correlation was found only in PPS-H and DPS-N. Conclusion: In the studied population, the performance for temporal auditory processing was related to the stuttering severity and the SAB questionnaire score.
Introduction: Auditory inabilities are manifested in several ways and the quality of auditory information processing is one of the factors that can influence stuttering. Thus, taking in consideration scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis that individuals who stutter have atypical connections in auditory regions of the left hemisphere, it is possible to assume that modifications in temporal processing may be related to this disorder. Objective: To compare and correlate temporal processing performance and auditory behavior among subgroups of students with stuttering. Method: This study adopted some criteria for population selection, among which is highlighted a minimum of 3% of stuttering-like disfluencies; hearing thresholds within the normal range; type A tympanometric curve; contralateral stapedius acoustic reflexes present and right manual preference. After applying the eligibility criteria, the sample consisted of 26 children who were native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, aged 7 to 11 years and 11 months, both genders, divided into two groups: Research Group 1 (RG1), composed of 13 students with mild stuttering, and Research Group 2 (RG2), composed of 13 students with severe stuttering. Methodological procedures adopted were: fluency evaluation and reliability, stuttering severity classification (Stuttering Severity Instrument – SSI-3), application of the auditory behavior screening instrument (Scale of Auditory Behaviors – SAB), and behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing (Pitch Pattern Sequence Test, in the Humming stage (PPS-H) and in the Nomination stage (DPS-N); Duration Pattern Sequence Test, in the Humming stage (DPS-H) and in the Nomination stage (DPS-N); and Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). The “Mann-Whitney” test was used for the intergroup statistical analysis, and the Spearman's coefficient was used in the correlation analyses for variables with non-parametric distributions. A significance level equal to or less than 5% (p≤0.05) was admitted. Results: The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the comparison between RG1 and RG2 for the performance of temporal tests and the SAB questionnaire score. There was no correlation between the auditory temporal processing performance and the SSI-3 duration score. There was a correlation between PPS-N and the SSI-3 total score for RG1 and between DPS-H, DPS-N and RGDT for RG2. Also for RG2, a correlation was found between the SAB score and the SSI-3 total score; and between the SAB score and the performance in DPS-H and DPS-N tests. For the total number of students, this correlation was found only in PPS-H and DPS-N. Conclusion: In the studied population, the performance for temporal auditory processing was related to the stuttering severity and the SAB questionnaire score.
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Palavras-chave
Gagueira, Audição, Transtornos da percepção auditiva, Testes auditivos, Estudos de avaliação, Stuttering, Hearing, Auditory perceptual disorders, Hearing tests, Evaluation studies