Transplantes de órgãos e tecidos humanos no Brasil: uma contextualização bioética
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Data
2019-12-05
Autores
Garbim, Ana Lélis de Oliveira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A bioética envolve questões que acontecem em um mundo multidisciplinar, interdisciplinar ou transdisciplinar, o que pode sugerir uma grande lacuna do direito, favorecendo ou até promovendo violações contra a humanidade, como também aos sistemas internacionais de direitos humanos e aos direitos fundamentais, estes inseridos no cenário constitucional brasileiro. Neste caso, a ciência e a tecnologia invadem o mundo do Direito, limitadas pelos institutos do direito à vida e da dignidade da pessoa humana, os quais são premissas constitucionais de formação do Estado para a construção e o fortalecimento do ordenamento jurídico composto por regras nacionais e por fontes internacionais, cenário permeado por questões éticas e morais que trazem interpretação tanto ao Direito quanto à Bioética e suas peculiaridades. A relevância do tema deve ser observada não somente pelo viés dos interesses econômicos que envolvem as pesquisas científicas ou a manutenção dos sistemas de saúde pública, mas, principalmente, para obtenção de respostas aos dilemas que envolvem a ciência e a saúde e suas sensíveis e possíveis violações aos princípios mencionados. Através de um caso concreto, ainda em trânsito no sistema de justiça brasileiro, abordando o direito de uma paciente submetida à lista de espera por um transplante de medula, a pesquisa se desenvolve no sentido de discutir a relação entre direitos humanos, bioética, preservação da vida, evolução científica e seus desafios modernos e, especialmente, fazer uma análise quanto à aplicação da legislação nacional relativa aos transplantes de órgãos e tecidos humanos aplicados neste caso e, ainda, as dúvidas decorrentes através do caso concreto, observando os métodos de aplicação e controle enfrentados pela lei e o aparecimento de dilemas bioéticos. Busca- se, neste contexto, a discussão quanto ao direito de preservação da vida ou possibilidade da morte e a dignidade envolta nestes fenômenos naturais, fundamento filosófico desta pesquisa, onde gravitam médicos, juristas, cientistas, pacientes e o próprio Estado em favor da dignidade humana enquanto princípio de Direito, pilar da construção moderna de direitos humanos e norte para o estudo e aplicação da bioética na vida moderna e seus avanços científicos, ou não.
Bioethics involves issues that happens in a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary world, which can suggest a wide gap of the Law studies, favoring or even promoting violations against humanity, but also to international systems of human and fundamental rights, these inserted into Brazilian constitutional scenario. In this case, the science and technology invades the world of law, limited by the institutes of the right to life and human dignity, which are constitutional premises of formation of the State for the construction and strengthening of the legal system composed of national rules and international fonts, scenery permeated by ethical and moral issues that bring interpretation both to the Law regarding Bioethics and its peculiarities. The relevance of the theme should be observed not only by the bias of economic interests that involve scientific research or the maintenance of public health systems, but mainly for obtaining answers to dilemmas that involve science and health and his sensitive and possible violations to the principles mentioned. Through a concrete case, still in transit in the Brazilian justice system, addressing the right of a patient subject to the waiting list for a bone marrow transplant, the research develops in order to discuss the relationship between human rights, bioethics, preservation of life, scientific progress and its modern challenges and, especially, to reach an analysis as to the application of national legislation concerning organ and tissue transplants applied in this case and the oncoming doubts arising through the study of case, observimg the methods of implementation and its regulation by law as well the bioethical dilemas on it. Search-in this context, the discussion about the right to preservation of life or possibility of death and the dignity shrouded in these natural phenomena, philosophical research, where physicians, lawyers, scientists, patients gravitates as well the State in favour of human dignity as principle of law, pillar of modern human rights building and direction to the study and application of bioethics in modern life and its scientific advances or not.
Bioethics involves issues that happens in a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary world, which can suggest a wide gap of the Law studies, favoring or even promoting violations against humanity, but also to international systems of human and fundamental rights, these inserted into Brazilian constitutional scenario. In this case, the science and technology invades the world of law, limited by the institutes of the right to life and human dignity, which are constitutional premises of formation of the State for the construction and strengthening of the legal system composed of national rules and international fonts, scenery permeated by ethical and moral issues that bring interpretation both to the Law regarding Bioethics and its peculiarities. The relevance of the theme should be observed not only by the bias of economic interests that involve scientific research or the maintenance of public health systems, but mainly for obtaining answers to dilemmas that involve science and health and his sensitive and possible violations to the principles mentioned. Through a concrete case, still in transit in the Brazilian justice system, addressing the right of a patient subject to the waiting list for a bone marrow transplant, the research develops in order to discuss the relationship between human rights, bioethics, preservation of life, scientific progress and its modern challenges and, especially, to reach an analysis as to the application of national legislation concerning organ and tissue transplants applied in this case and the oncoming doubts arising through the study of case, observimg the methods of implementation and its regulation by law as well the bioethical dilemas on it. Search-in this context, the discussion about the right to preservation of life or possibility of death and the dignity shrouded in these natural phenomena, philosophical research, where physicians, lawyers, scientists, patients gravitates as well the State in favour of human dignity as principle of law, pillar of modern human rights building and direction to the study and application of bioethics in modern life and its scientific advances or not.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direitos humanos, Bioética, Portaria 844/2012 MS, Dignidade humana, Doação de órgãos e tecidos no Brasil, Human rights and bioethics, Ordinance 844/2012-MS, Human dignity, Organ and tissue donation in Brazil