Construção e validação de material educativo direcionado aos cuidadores informais de crianças com hidrocefalia
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Data
2020-02-14
Autores
Tavares, Paloma de Aro Jorge
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução – Em geral, as crianças com hidrocefalia são submetidas a várias cirurgias e requerem cuidados diários, principalmente devido ao uso de derivação ventrículo peritoneal. Embora toda a família seja afetada, um de seus membros, denominado cuidador informal, assume a responsabilidade pelo cuidado, nem sempre com preparo técnico e emocional. Cabe aos profissionais de saúde a realização do processo educativo, tendo como foco o conhecimento e como objetivos a promoção de saúde e a prevenção de complicações. Artigo 1: Objetivo –Avaliar o conhecimento, a atitude e a prática de cuidadores informais de crianças com hidrocefalia antes e após intervenção com material educativo previamente desenvolvido. Método –Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, realizado com 32 cuidadores informais de crianças com hidrocefalia de um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas: pré-teste, intervenção educativa através do material educativo e pós-teste. Foi utilizado o inquérito conhecimento, atitude e prática como instrumento de avaliação pré e pós-teste. Para análise da comparação pré-teste e pós-teste foi utilizado o teste t pareado e Teoria Clássica dos Testes. Resultados –Após a leitura do material educativo, os domínios conhecimento e prática obtiveram um aumento na taxa de acertos de 17% e 21,4%, respectivamente, e valor p<0,01. Artigo 2: Objetivo - Compreender se o material educativo “Diário de Laura: conhecendo a hidrocefalia e seu tratamento” corresponde ao cotidiano de cuidadores de crianças com hidrocefalia no que se refere ao tratamento e aos cuidados diários. Método –Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em duas etapas: a intervenção educativa através do material educativo e a entrevista, em que os cuidadores foram convidados a identificar as semelhanças e divergências entre o material e a experiência vivida por eles. Foi utilizado o referencial metodológico de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e os dados foram discutidos através da literatura. Resultados - Com relação às semelhanças entre o material educativo e a realidade vivida por eles, o material educativo representa o cotidiano, o momento cirúrgico e os cuidados que os cuidadores vivenciam com as crianças com hidrocefalia. Além disso, o material educativo orienta os sinais e sintomas de disfunção da DVP, os quais devem ser reconhecidos precocemente pelos cuidadores informais. Conclusão – O material educativo “Diário de Laura: conhecendo a hidrocefalia e seu tratamento” possibilita a apreensão de conhecimento e se assemelha ao cotidiano das famílias de crianças com hidrocefalia, podendo ser utilizado por profissionais de saúde para fortalecer o vínculo com a família e facilitar o processo educativo.
Introduction - In general, children with hydrocephalus are submitted to many surgeries and require daily care, mainly due to the use of peritoneal ventricle shunt. Although the whole family is affected, one of its members, called informal caregiver, assumes responsibility for care, not always with technical and emotional preparation. It is up to health professionals to carry out the educational process, focusing on knowledge and the objectives of health promotion and prevention of complications. Article 1: Objective - To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of informal caregivers of children with hydrocephalus before and after intervention with previously developed educational material. Method - This is a quasiexperimental before and after study conducted with 32 informal caregivers of children with hydrocephalus from a university hospital in the inland of São Paulo State. Data collection took place in three stages: pre-test, educational intervention through educational material and posttest. The knowledge, attitude and practice survey was used as a pre- and post-test assessment tool. For analysis of pre-test and post-test comparison, the paired t-test and Classical Test Theory were used. Results – After caregivers read the educational material, the correct answer rate increased by 17% in the knowledge domain and 21.4% in the practice domain, with pvalues of < 0.01. Article 2: Objective - To understand if the educational material “Laura's Diary: Knowing Hydrocephalus and its Treatment” corresponds to the daily life of caregivers of children with hydrocephalus regarding treatment and daily care. Method - This is a qualitative study carried out in two stages: the educational intervention through the educational material and the interview, in which the caregivers were invited to identify the similarities and divergences between the material and the experience lived by them. The methodological framework of Bardin Content Analysis was used and the data were discussed through the literature. Results - Regarding the similarities between the educational material and the reality experienced by them, the educational material represents the daily life, the surgical moment and the care that caregivers experience with children with hydrocephalus. In addition, educational material guides the signs and symptoms of PVD dysfunction, that must be early x recognized by informal caregivers . Conclusion - The educational material “Diary of Laura: Knowing hydrocephalus and its treatment” enables the understanding of knowledge and resembles the daily lives of families of children with hydrocephalus, and can be used by health professionals to strengthen the bond with the family and facilitate the educational process.
Introduction - In general, children with hydrocephalus are submitted to many surgeries and require daily care, mainly due to the use of peritoneal ventricle shunt. Although the whole family is affected, one of its members, called informal caregiver, assumes responsibility for care, not always with technical and emotional preparation. It is up to health professionals to carry out the educational process, focusing on knowledge and the objectives of health promotion and prevention of complications. Article 1: Objective - To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of informal caregivers of children with hydrocephalus before and after intervention with previously developed educational material. Method - This is a quasiexperimental before and after study conducted with 32 informal caregivers of children with hydrocephalus from a university hospital in the inland of São Paulo State. Data collection took place in three stages: pre-test, educational intervention through educational material and posttest. The knowledge, attitude and practice survey was used as a pre- and post-test assessment tool. For analysis of pre-test and post-test comparison, the paired t-test and Classical Test Theory were used. Results – After caregivers read the educational material, the correct answer rate increased by 17% in the knowledge domain and 21.4% in the practice domain, with pvalues of < 0.01. Article 2: Objective - To understand if the educational material “Laura's Diary: Knowing Hydrocephalus and its Treatment” corresponds to the daily life of caregivers of children with hydrocephalus regarding treatment and daily care. Method - This is a qualitative study carried out in two stages: the educational intervention through the educational material and the interview, in which the caregivers were invited to identify the similarities and divergences between the material and the experience lived by them. The methodological framework of Bardin Content Analysis was used and the data were discussed through the literature. Results - Regarding the similarities between the educational material and the reality experienced by them, the educational material represents the daily life, the surgical moment and the care that caregivers experience with children with hydrocephalus. In addition, educational material guides the signs and symptoms of PVD dysfunction, that must be early x recognized by informal caregivers . Conclusion - The educational material “Diary of Laura: Knowing hydrocephalus and its treatment” enables the understanding of knowledge and resembles the daily lives of families of children with hydrocephalus, and can be used by health professionals to strengthen the bond with the family and facilitate the educational process.
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Palavras-chave
Criança, Cuidador, Educação em Saúde, Enfermagem Perioperatória, Hidrocefalia, Children, Caregiver, Health education, Hydrocephalus, Perioperative Nursing