Filmes biocompatíveis obtidos da polimerização a plasma das misturas dos monômeros HEMA/DEAEMA e THFMA/MOx para aplicações em drug delivery
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Kodaira, Felipe Vicente de Paula [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Polímeros a plasma são uma classe de materiais que possuem aplicações em diversos tipos de indústrias, como biomédica, alimentícia, embalagens, eletrônica, farmaceutica, entre outras. Esses materiais possuem características que os diferem dos polímeros convencionais, como uma estrutura química ordenada aleatoriamente, boa adesão a diferentes substratos e possuem cadeias muito entrelaçadas. Estes polímeros podem ser utilizados para a função de drug delivery, podem ser carregados com um medicamento e liberá-lo quando in vivo, este conceito de drug delivery permite a realização de um tratamento localizado e com uma dose mais segura de medicamento. O processo de polimerização a plasma também tem características que o difere da polimerização convencional, ele é capaz de realizar reações que demandam muita energia e não poderiam acontecer por química convencional, os parâmetros aplicados podem ser ajustados para customizar até certo ponto o material obtido e não gera resíduos. Inicialmente a polimerização a plasma era realizada em baixa pressão, mais recentemente a alternativa de realizar o processo em pressão atmosférica vêm ganhando destaque por ser relativamente mais barata e pelas características diferentes da descarga e dos polímeros a plasma resultantes. Existem muitas configurações de fontes de plasma em pressão atmosférico, dentre elas os jatos de plasma (APPJs), nestas fontes o plasma é gerado por descargas DBD ou corona no interior de tubos ou cavidades e é expelida para o ambiente externo. Esse plasma expelido pode ser utilizado para promover a polimerização a plasma, tratamento de materiais ou até de tecido vivo. Neste trabalho um APPJ foi utilizado para promover a polimerização de duas misturas, uma entre HEMA e DEAEMA, outra entre THFMA e MOx, algumas proporções das misturas foram testadas, mas para a mistura THFMA:MOx apenas uma obteve sucesso. O processo de polimerização se deu ao aplicar o APPJ sobre substratos aspergidos com as misturas precursoras em fase líquida. A droga utilizada para realizar os testes de liberação foi o Azul de Metileno, que é facilmente detectada por espectroscopia UV-Vis. As estruturas moleculares dos filmes, assim como a incorporação do medicamento, foram analisadas por FTIR. A composição atômica foi averiguada por XPS. A topografia dos polímeros obtidos foi analisada por AFM. Os filmes apresentaram-se estáveis em água e foram bem-sucedidos em reter e liberar a droga posteriormente.
Plasma polymers are a class of materials that have applications in several types of industries, such as biomedical, food, packaging, electronics, pharmacy, among others. These materials have characteristics that differ from conventional polymers, such as a randomly ordered chemical structure, good adhesion to different substrates and have very interlaced chains. These polymers can be used for drug delivery action, they can be loaded with a drug and release it when in vivo. This concept of drug delivery allows a localized treatment with a safer dose of medication. The plasma polymerization process also has characteristics that differ from conventional polymerization. It can perform reactions that require a lot of energy and could not happen in conventional chemistry, the process parameters applied can be adjusted to customize to some extent the material obtained and does not generate waste. Initially, plasma polymerization was performed at low pressure, but more recently the alternative of performing the process at atmospheric pressure has been gaining prominence because it is relatively cheaper and due to the different characteristics of the discharge, as well as the resulting plasma polymers. There are many configurations of atmospheric pressure plasma sources, among them plasma jets (APPJs). In these sources the plasma is generated by DBD or corona discharges inside tubes or cavities and is ejected to the outside environment. This expelled plasma can be used to promote plasma polymerization, treatment of materials or even living tissue. In this work an APPJ was used to promote the polymerization of two mixtures, one between HEMA and DEAEMA, another between THFMA and MOx. Some proportions of the mixtures were tested, but for the THFMA:MOx mixture only one was successful. The polymerization process took place by applying the APPJ on sprayed substrates with the liquid phase precursor mixtures. The drug used for the drug release tests was Methylene Blue, which is easily detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the films, as well as the drug's incorporation, were analyzed by FTIR. The atomic composition was verified by XPS. The topography of the obtained polymers was analyzed by AFM. The films were stable in water and were successful in retaining and later releasing the drug
Plasma polymers are a class of materials that have applications in several types of industries, such as biomedical, food, packaging, electronics, pharmacy, among others. These materials have characteristics that differ from conventional polymers, such as a randomly ordered chemical structure, good adhesion to different substrates and have very interlaced chains. These polymers can be used for drug delivery action, they can be loaded with a drug and release it when in vivo. This concept of drug delivery allows a localized treatment with a safer dose of medication. The plasma polymerization process also has characteristics that differ from conventional polymerization. It can perform reactions that require a lot of energy and could not happen in conventional chemistry, the process parameters applied can be adjusted to customize to some extent the material obtained and does not generate waste. Initially, plasma polymerization was performed at low pressure, but more recently the alternative of performing the process at atmospheric pressure has been gaining prominence because it is relatively cheaper and due to the different characteristics of the discharge, as well as the resulting plasma polymers. There are many configurations of atmospheric pressure plasma sources, among them plasma jets (APPJs). In these sources the plasma is generated by DBD or corona discharges inside tubes or cavities and is ejected to the outside environment. This expelled plasma can be used to promote plasma polymerization, treatment of materials or even living tissue. In this work an APPJ was used to promote the polymerization of two mixtures, one between HEMA and DEAEMA, another between THFMA and MOx. Some proportions of the mixtures were tested, but for the THFMA:MOx mixture only one was successful. The polymerization process took place by applying the APPJ on sprayed substrates with the liquid phase precursor mixtures. The drug used for the drug release tests was Methylene Blue, which is easily detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the films, as well as the drug's incorporation, were analyzed by FTIR. The atomic composition was verified by XPS. The topography of the obtained polymers was analyzed by AFM. The films were stable in water and were successful in retaining and later releasing the drug
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Palavras-chave
Polimerização a Plasma, APPJ, Drug Delivery, Azul de Metileno, HEMA, DEAEMA, MOx, THFMA, Plasma Polymerization, Methylene Blue, Polimerização em plasmas, Azul de metileno, Jato de plasma, Sistemas de distribuição de medicamentos