O culto da performance: as percepções do trabalho contemporâneo e a saúde mental dos trabalhadores na cidade de Araraquara-SP
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Data
2020-03-23
Autores
Rocha, Thiago Alencar da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar as transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho no início do século XXI e quais os seus efeitos sobre os trabalhadores. Para isso, parte-se do conceito de “culto da performance” desenvolvido por Alain Ehrenberg (2010), o qual diz respeito à necessidade de produção e de resultados como meio de valoração social, e às problemáticas da “sociedade do cansaço” discutidas por Byung Chul-Han (2015), caracterizada pelo esgotamento físico e psíquico advindo da busca constante por desempenho, excesso de positividade e liberdade negativa. Em diálogo com as principais teses da sociologia contemporânea a respeito das características da modernidade, pretende-se mostrar como os conceitos de Ehrenberg (2010) e Han (2015) são importantes para explicar a atual realidade social do mundo do trabalho. A hipótese desta pesquisa é a de que a busca incessante por produtividade tem levado os trabalhadores a um profundo esgotamento mental, além de influenciar na maneira como se percebem na sociedade: indivíduos que almejam se destacar essencialmente por meio da performance pessoal. Por meio de triagem realizada por um questionário (survey) e entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores de diferentes segmentos (indústria, serviços e comércio) realizadas na cidade de Araraquara-SP, captamos empiricamente suas percepções sobre o mundo do trabalho contemporâneo e, sobretudo, acerca da presença do culto da performance no cotidiano laboral. Analisamos se tais percepções se alinham às mudanças contemporâneas do trabalho diagnosticadas pela literatura. Além disso, apontamos como a gestão de pessoas baseada no “culto da performance” e a responsabilização do trabalhador pelo seu sucesso (pessoal e profissional) têm afetado a formação da individualidade no mundo contemporâneo a um alto preço através da proliferação de patologias psíquicas.
The objective of this research is to show the changes that have occurred in the world of work at the beginning of the 21st century and what have been their effects on workers. To that end, the concept of "performance cult" developed by Alain Ehrenberg (2010), which refers to the need for production and results as a means of social valuation, and the problems of the "society of fatigue" discussed by Han (2015), characterized by individual exhaustion arising from the constant search for performance, excess of positivity and freedom. In dialogue with the main theses of contemporary sociology regarding the characteristics of modernity, it is intended to show how the concepts of Ehrenberg (2010) and Han (2015) are important to explain the current social reality of the world of work. The hypothesis of this research is that the incessant search for productivity has led the workers to a deep mental exhaustion, in addition to influencing the way they perceive themselves in society: individuals who strive to excel essentially through personal performance. Through screened screening and semi-structured interviews with workers from different segments (industry, services and commerce) held in the city of Araraquara, we empirically captured their perceptions about the world of contemporary work and, above all, about the presence of the cult of performance in everyday work. We analyze if these perceptions are in agreement with the contemporary changes of the work diagnosed in the literature. In addition, we point out how the management of people based on the "performance cult" and the worker's responsibility for their success (personal and professional) have affected the formation of individuality in the contemporary world at a high price: proliferation of psychic pathologies. Through a questionnaire (survey) and semi-structured interviews with workers from different segments (industry, services and commerce) carried out in the city of AraraquaraSP, we empirically captured their perceptions about the world of contemporary work and, above all, about the presence of the performance cult in daily work. We analyze if these perceptions are in agreement with the contemporary changes of the work diagnosed in the literature. In addition, we point out how the management of people based on the "performance cult" and the worker's responsibility for their success (personal and professional) has affected the formation of individuality in the contemporary world at a high price through the proliferation of psychic pathologies.
The objective of this research is to show the changes that have occurred in the world of work at the beginning of the 21st century and what have been their effects on workers. To that end, the concept of "performance cult" developed by Alain Ehrenberg (2010), which refers to the need for production and results as a means of social valuation, and the problems of the "society of fatigue" discussed by Han (2015), characterized by individual exhaustion arising from the constant search for performance, excess of positivity and freedom. In dialogue with the main theses of contemporary sociology regarding the characteristics of modernity, it is intended to show how the concepts of Ehrenberg (2010) and Han (2015) are important to explain the current social reality of the world of work. The hypothesis of this research is that the incessant search for productivity has led the workers to a deep mental exhaustion, in addition to influencing the way they perceive themselves in society: individuals who strive to excel essentially through personal performance. Through screened screening and semi-structured interviews with workers from different segments (industry, services and commerce) held in the city of Araraquara, we empirically captured their perceptions about the world of contemporary work and, above all, about the presence of the cult of performance in everyday work. We analyze if these perceptions are in agreement with the contemporary changes of the work diagnosed in the literature. In addition, we point out how the management of people based on the "performance cult" and the worker's responsibility for their success (personal and professional) have affected the formation of individuality in the contemporary world at a high price: proliferation of psychic pathologies. Through a questionnaire (survey) and semi-structured interviews with workers from different segments (industry, services and commerce) carried out in the city of AraraquaraSP, we empirically captured their perceptions about the world of contemporary work and, above all, about the presence of the performance cult in daily work. We analyze if these perceptions are in agreement with the contemporary changes of the work diagnosed in the literature. In addition, we point out how the management of people based on the "performance cult" and the worker's responsibility for their success (personal and professional) has affected the formation of individuality in the contemporary world at a high price through the proliferation of psychic pathologies.
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Palavras-chave
Saúde mental no trabalho, Sociologia do trabalho, Sociologia contemporânea