Investigação molecular, caracterização genotípica de parasitas patogênicos e distribuição espacial por geoprocessamento de amostras humanas e ambientais do município de Bauru-SP.
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Rosa-Lago, Natássia Carolina Esposito
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As infecções intestinais parasitárias são um problema mundial. Parasitas veiculados em água e alimentos como podem ser provenientes da falta de higiene durante o manuseio dos alimentos, contaminação ambiental por material fecal, irrigação de cultivos agrícolas com águas poluídas ou fossas sépticas precárias, situações comuns em países como o Brasil. Tais questões, colaboram para ocorrência de surtos por água e alimentos na população. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a presença de parasitas importantes em saúde pública em hortaliças e água de irrigação de propriedades do município de Bauru, São Paulo; bem como, nas fezes e nas mãos de manipuladores dos cultivos. As amostras foram coletadas de cinco propriedades do município de Bauru, sendo uma localizada em área urbana e quatro em área rural. Foram obtidas 33 amostras de água de irrigação, 62 de hortaliças, 31 das mãos e dez fecais dos manipuladores. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a análise molecular e as águas de irrigação submetidas ainda a análise microbiológica. Na análise microbiológica foi detectado coliformes totais e E. coli em três propriedades. Na análise molecular, o parasita mais prevalente em água de irrigação e hortaliça foi Cyclospora cayetanensis. Taenia spp. foi detectada em uma hortaliça e Giardia spp. foi mais prevalente nas amostras humanas. Não foi detectado Toxoplasma gondii. As amostras de água de irrigação apresentaram maior quantidade de amostras positivas. Atividades de educação em saúde foram desenvolvidas durante as coletas com os proprietários a partir dos resultados das análises e dados obtidos de questionário epidemiológico aplicado, com o objetivo de auxiliar na identificação de riscos ao cultivo. Este estudo mostrou que hortaliças são veículos de transmissão de parasitas intestinais sendo um risco para os consumidores locais e da região, principalmente as crianças uma vez que três das cinco propriedades destinam o produto para merenda escolar. A presença de animais livres circulantes nos cultivos foi uma situação comum nos locais e pode ter contribuído para a disseminação de parasitas zoonóticos. O geoprocessamento contribuiu para uma melhor visualização da distribuição desses parasitas nos cultivos. Atividades de educação com foco na qualidade da água e higiene das mãos dos trabalhadores podem evitar contaminação das hortaliças, refletindo na qualidade do alimento cultivado.
Parasitic intestinal infections are a worldwide problem. Parasites carried in water and food as they may come from the lack of hygiene during food handling, environmental contamination by fecal material, irrigation of agricultural crops with polluted water or precarious septic tanks, common situations in countries like Brazil. Such issues contribute to the occurrence of outbreaks by water and food in the population. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the presence of important parasites in public health in vegetables and irrigation water on rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, São Paulo; as well as in the feces and in the hands of crop handlers. The samples were collected from five rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, one of them located in an urban area and another four in a rural area. Were collected 33 samples of irrigation water, 62 of vegetables, 31 of hands and 10 fecal samples from handlers. All samples were subjected to molecular analysis and irrigation water was also subjected to microbiological analysis. In this microbiological analysis, total coliforms were detected at high rates and E. coli in three of the properties. In molecular analysis, the parasite most prevalent in the analysis and most common in irrigation water and vegetables was Cyclospora cayetanensis. Taenia spp. was detected in one greenery. Giardia spp. was most detected in human samples. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected. The samples of irrigation water had a greater quantity of positive samples. Health education activities were developed during the collections with the owners based on the results of the analyzes and data obtained from an applied epidemiological questionnaire, with the objective of helping to identify risks to cultivation. This study showed that vegetables are vehicles for the transmission of intestinal parasites, being a risk for local and regional consumers, especially children, since three of the five properties use the product for school meals. The presence of free animals in the crops was a common situation in the places, which can contribute to the spread of zoonotic parasites. Geoprocessing contributes to a better visualization of the distribution of these parasites in the study areas. Education activities focusing on water quality and hand hygiene of rural workers can be to avoid contamination of vegetables, reflecting on the quality of food grown
Parasitic intestinal infections are a worldwide problem. Parasites carried in water and food as they may come from the lack of hygiene during food handling, environmental contamination by fecal material, irrigation of agricultural crops with polluted water or precarious septic tanks, common situations in countries like Brazil. Such issues contribute to the occurrence of outbreaks by water and food in the population. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the presence of important parasites in public health in vegetables and irrigation water on rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, São Paulo; as well as in the feces and in the hands of crop handlers. The samples were collected from five rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, one of them located in an urban area and another four in a rural area. Were collected 33 samples of irrigation water, 62 of vegetables, 31 of hands and 10 fecal samples from handlers. All samples were subjected to molecular analysis and irrigation water was also subjected to microbiological analysis. In this microbiological analysis, total coliforms were detected at high rates and E. coli in three of the properties. In molecular analysis, the parasite most prevalent in the analysis and most common in irrigation water and vegetables was Cyclospora cayetanensis. Taenia spp. was detected in one greenery. Giardia spp. was most detected in human samples. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected. The samples of irrigation water had a greater quantity of positive samples. Health education activities were developed during the collections with the owners based on the results of the analyzes and data obtained from an applied epidemiological questionnaire, with the objective of helping to identify risks to cultivation. This study showed that vegetables are vehicles for the transmission of intestinal parasites, being a risk for local and regional consumers, especially children, since three of the five properties use the product for school meals. The presence of free animals in the crops was a common situation in the places, which can contribute to the spread of zoonotic parasites. Geoprocessing contributes to a better visualization of the distribution of these parasites in the study areas. Education activities focusing on water quality and hand hygiene of rural workers can be to avoid contamination of vegetables, reflecting on the quality of food grown
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Palavras-chave
Água de irrigação, Diagnóstico molecular, Doenças parasitárias, Hortaliças, Seres humanos, Irrigation water, Molecular diagnosis, Parasitic diseases, Vegetables, Human beings