Sustentabilidade da produção agrícola de agricultores familiares ligados à associação dos produtores rurais do bairro do Chaparral e região - Botucatu/SP
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Data
2020-03-17
Autores
Silva, Leonardo França da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, as discussões com enfoque no tema da sustentabilidade têm ganhado notoriedade, principalmente após a ascensão do modelo agrícola convencional, o que fez surgir inúmeros questionamentos sobre a exequibilidade desse modelo em um maior espaço de tempo. A utilização de indicadores pode ser uma ferramenta essencial na avaliação e mensuração da sustentabilidade. A definição de indicadores confiáveis e quantificáveis representa um instrumento fundamental e estratégico para avaliação do desempenho de agroecossistemas por exemplo, com a finalidade de melhorar os níveis de sustentabilidade. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar o índice de sustentabilidade de sistema de produção de agricultores ligados a Associação de produtores rurais do Bairro Chaparral, Município de Botucatu, através da caracterização sociocultural. Na sequência recomendam uma análise de indicadores, econômicos, técnico agronômicos, manejo, ecológico e político – institucional. A metodologia utilizada se deu com base no modelo proposto por Oliveira (2007) e Santos (2013), os quais propuseram analisar a sustentabilidade em um agroecossistema com base em cinco indicadores; econômico, técnico agronômico, manejo, ecológico e político institucional, obtendo ao final o índice de sustentabilidade de um determinado agrossistema. O estudo foi conduzido sob a forma de um estudo de caso, sendo caracterizado com exploratório e descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, com questionários semi-estruturados, realizadas junto ao grupo de agricultores familiares do Bairro Chaparral, de forma presencial. Os resultados obtidos permitiram afirmar que o Bairro Chaparral é considerado sustentável, isto porque, apresenta um índice geral de sustentabilidade de 0,627, podendo ser considerado em um nível de sustentabilidade intermediária, onde o indicador “manejo” teve maior contribuição para a elevação do índice geral. Todos os agricultores do Bairro Chaparral realizam por unanimidade “técnicas como de rotação de cultura” e “plantio consorciado” que contribuíram positivamente para a elevação deste índice. Já o “ecológico” foi o indicador que apresentou a menor contribuição (0,519) dentre os indicadores que compõem o Índice Geral de Sustentabilidade, as demais variáveis “presença de área preservação”, e “utilização de fertilizantes químicos” o que menos contribuíram para elevação índice.
In Brazil, discussions focusing on the theme of sustainability have gained notoriety, especially after the rise of the conventional agricultural model, which has raised numerous questions about the feasibility of this model over a longer period of time. The use of indicators can be an essential tool in sustainability assessment and measurement. The definition of reliable and quantifiable indicators represents a fundamental and strategic instrument for evaluating the performance of agroecosystems, for example, with the aim of improving sustainability levels. Thus, this study aims to identify the sustainability index of rural producers in Chaparral Neighborhood, Botucatu Municipality, through the socio-cultural characterization. Next, they propose an analysis of economic, technical, agronomic, management, ecological and political - institutional indicators. The methodology used is based on the model proposed by Oliveira (2007) and Santos (2013), which propose to analyze sustainability in an agroecosystem based on five indicators; economic, agricultural technician, management, ecological and institutional policy, obtaining at the end the sustainability index of a given agrosystem. The study is conducted as a case study, being characterized as exploratory and descriptive. The data were collected through interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, conducted with the group of family farmers from Bairro Chaparral, in person from June to August 2019. The results showed that the Chaparral neighborhood is considered sustainable. This is because it has an overall sustainability index of 0.638, and can be considered at an intermediate sustainability level, where the indicator “management” was the one that had the greatest contribution to raising the overall index, the farmers of Bairro Chaparral unanimously “techniques such as crop rotation ”and“ intercropping ”that contributed positively to the increase of this index. The “green” indicator was the indicator that had the lowest contribution (0.519) among the indicators that make up the General Sustainability Index, with the variables “presence of preservation area” and “use of chemical fertilizers” having the lowest contributions to index increase.
In Brazil, discussions focusing on the theme of sustainability have gained notoriety, especially after the rise of the conventional agricultural model, which has raised numerous questions about the feasibility of this model over a longer period of time. The use of indicators can be an essential tool in sustainability assessment and measurement. The definition of reliable and quantifiable indicators represents a fundamental and strategic instrument for evaluating the performance of agroecosystems, for example, with the aim of improving sustainability levels. Thus, this study aims to identify the sustainability index of rural producers in Chaparral Neighborhood, Botucatu Municipality, through the socio-cultural characterization. Next, they propose an analysis of economic, technical, agronomic, management, ecological and political - institutional indicators. The methodology used is based on the model proposed by Oliveira (2007) and Santos (2013), which propose to analyze sustainability in an agroecosystem based on five indicators; economic, agricultural technician, management, ecological and institutional policy, obtaining at the end the sustainability index of a given agrosystem. The study is conducted as a case study, being characterized as exploratory and descriptive. The data were collected through interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, conducted with the group of family farmers from Bairro Chaparral, in person from June to August 2019. The results showed that the Chaparral neighborhood is considered sustainable. This is because it has an overall sustainability index of 0.638, and can be considered at an intermediate sustainability level, where the indicator “management” was the one that had the greatest contribution to raising the overall index, the farmers of Bairro Chaparral unanimously “techniques such as crop rotation ”and“ intercropping ”that contributed positively to the increase of this index. The “green” indicator was the indicator that had the lowest contribution (0.519) among the indicators that make up the General Sustainability Index, with the variables “presence of preservation area” and “use of chemical fertilizers” having the lowest contributions to index increase.
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Palavras-chave
Agricultura familiar, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Indicadores de sustentabilidade, Family farming, Sustainable development, Sustainability Indicators