Crescimento, tolerância e potencial fitorremediador de leucaena leucocephala em solo contaminado por cobre e ferro
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Data
2020-04-09
Autores
Bomfim, Nayane Cristina Pires
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As intensas atividades antropogênicas têm aumentado as concentrações de metais pesados no solo, por meio do uso excessivo de produtos químicos e do descarte inadequado e acúmulo de resíduos sólidos e líquidos, por exemplo, surgindo assim riscos de poluição do solo e corpos d’água. O desenvolvimento de tecnologias sustentáveis, efetivas e de baixo custo para recuperação de áreas contaminadas por metais pesados é de extrema necessidade. A fitorremediação é uma técnica, de baixo custo, que utiliza plantas na recuperação de solos contaminados por metais pesados. Espécies de leguminosas apresentam características favoráveis para crescerem rapidamente em solos degradados, o que é uma característica importante quando considera-se o potencial para fitorremediação destes contaminantes. Objetivou-se caracterizar a resposta fisiológica, determinar a tolerância e o potencial fitorremediador de Leucaena leucocephala aos metais cobre e ferro. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado para ambos os metais. O solo foi tratado com cinco doses, além do controle (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mg/dm3 solo), em sacos de mudas com capacidade para 2 dm3 de solo. Sementes de L. leucocephala foram semeadas diretamente no solo contaminado e cultivadas por 120 dias. Os parâmetros fotossintéticos, foram analisados; o material vegetal foi coletado e os tecidos foram separados, medidos e pesados para avaliação de crescimento. Teores de clorofila e carotenoides foram quantificados nas folhas. Foi determinado os teores de nutrientes nas plantas e no solo. Foi avaliado a tolerância e o potencial fitorremediador da espécie. Leucaena leucocephala é tolerante as doses de cobre e ferro testadas. Os metais extraídos do solo foram acumulados principalmente nas raízes. Leucaena leucocephala apresenta potencial uso na recuperação de áreas degradas por cobre e ferro. Leucaena leucocephala é fitoestabilizadora de cobre e ferro e pode ser utilizada na fitorremediação de solo contaminado por esses metais.
The intense anthropogenic activities have increased the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, through the excessive use of chemicals and the improper disposal and accumulation of solid and liquid residues, for example, thus resulting in risks of pollution of the soil and water bodies. The development of sustainable, effective and low-cost technologies for the recovery of areas contaminated by heavy metals is extremely necessary. Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to recover soils contaminated by heavy metals. Legume species have favorable characteristics to grow quickly in degraded soils, which is an important characteristic when considering the potential for phytoremediation of these contaminants. The objective was to characterize the physiological response, to determine the tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Leucaena leucocephala to copper and iron metals. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design for both metals. The soil was treated with five doses, in addition to the control (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/dm3 soil), in seedling bags with a capacity of 2 dm3 soil. Leucaena leucocephala seeds were sown and cultivated for 120 days. The photosynthetic parameters were analyzed; the plant material was collected and the tissues were separated, measured and weighed for growth evaluation. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were quantified in the leaves. Nutrient contents in plants and soil were determined. The species tolerance and phytoremediation potential were evaluated. Leucaena leucocephala is tolerant of the tested copper and iron doses. The metals extracted from the soil were accumulated mainly in the roots. Leucaena leucocephala has potential use in the recovery of areas degraded by copper and iron. Leucaena leucocephala is a phyto-stabilizer of copper and iron and can be used in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by these metals.
The intense anthropogenic activities have increased the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, through the excessive use of chemicals and the improper disposal and accumulation of solid and liquid residues, for example, thus resulting in risks of pollution of the soil and water bodies. The development of sustainable, effective and low-cost technologies for the recovery of areas contaminated by heavy metals is extremely necessary. Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to recover soils contaminated by heavy metals. Legume species have favorable characteristics to grow quickly in degraded soils, which is an important characteristic when considering the potential for phytoremediation of these contaminants. The objective was to characterize the physiological response, to determine the tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Leucaena leucocephala to copper and iron metals. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design for both metals. The soil was treated with five doses, in addition to the control (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/dm3 soil), in seedling bags with a capacity of 2 dm3 soil. Leucaena leucocephala seeds were sown and cultivated for 120 days. The photosynthetic parameters were analyzed; the plant material was collected and the tissues were separated, measured and weighed for growth evaluation. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were quantified in the leaves. Nutrient contents in plants and soil were determined. The species tolerance and phytoremediation potential were evaluated. Leucaena leucocephala is tolerant of the tested copper and iron doses. The metals extracted from the soil were accumulated mainly in the roots. Leucaena leucocephala has potential use in the recovery of areas degraded by copper and iron. Leucaena leucocephala is a phyto-stabilizer of copper and iron and can be used in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by these metals.
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Palavras-chave
Biomassa, Metal pesado, Contaminação, Extração, Fitorremediação, Biomass, Heavy metal, Contamination, Extraction, Phytoremediation