Dentro e fora da zona: mudanças nos estados psicofisiológicos nos exergames e no mundo real
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2020-04-24
Autores
Bagni, Guilherme
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese é composta de dois estudos. O objetivo do estudo 1 foi analisar o comportamento de respostas psicofisiológicas no arremesso do basquete, comparando-as nos ambientes virtual e real. No estudo 2 os objetivos foram estabelecer e descrever estados afetivos e fisiológicos relacionados com performance ótima e não-ótima no basquete e comparar as Zonas Individualizadas de Ótimo Funcionamento (IZOFs) com abordagem probabilística dos atletas nos contextos quadra e videogame. Em ambos os estudos, foram coletados de forma contrabalanceada dados de arremesso de basquete de três pontos de todos os participantes na quadra e em um ambiente virtual. O exergame utilizado foi o Kinect Sports Season 2, por meio do minijogo 3 Point Hero. O estudo 1 comparou 24 atletas universitários de basquete de ambos os sexos. O protocolo consistiu em 12 séries de 5 arremessos em cada ambiente. Antes de cada arremesso foi analisada a frequência cardíaca por meio de um transmissor cardíaco Polar H10 e foram respondidas pelos participantes 3 perguntas para identificar os níveis de ativação, prazer e autoeficácia. Ao final de cada série foi coletada a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE). Também foi analisada a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) durante todo o teste. Terminadas as séries em cada ambiente, foi aplicada a escala Short Flow State Scale. A performance foi analisada por meio de uma escala de 0-5. A análise da VFC foi conduzida por meio do software Kubios. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software IBM SPSS 25. O estudo 2 foi realizado com 3 atletas profissionais de basquete que realizaram 10 séries de 10 arremessos em cada ambiente. As variáveis coletadas foram as mesmas do estudo 1. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística ordinal para estabelecer as IZOFs dos atletas em cada ambiente usando a abordagem probabilística. Para as variáveis Flow, VFC e PSE não foi possível estabelecer as IZOFs. No estudo 1 notou-se diferenças entre as condições experimentais, exceto Flow e VFC. A performance das atletas foi menor na quadra, porém maior no videogame quando comparadas com os atletas. Diferenças entre os sexos também ocorreram para o prazer e autoeficácia. No estudo 2, verificou-se que as IZOFs diferiram em termos de comprimento e intensidade tanto na comparação entre atletas quanto na comparação intra-sujeito. A percepção de esforço e o Flow são individuais, porém o esforço apresentou níveis menores na condição do videogame. Também se constatou a ocorrência de sequências sucessivas de acertos nos arremessos na quadra, mas novamente apresentando padrões individualizados. Desta forma, por meio dos dois estudos realizados foi possível verificar que cada atleta possui um perfil biopsicossocial único e que o contexto pode propiciar mudanças de modo que em situações distintas os atletas se portem de maneiras diferentes. Por fim, ressalta-se a importância da utilização dos exergames como aliado na iniciação e no treinamento esportivo, porém alerta-se para a verificação da sua utilização quanto a simulações da realidade.
This dissertation is composed of two studies. The purpose of study 1 was to analyze the behavior of psychophysiological responses in basketball shots, comparing them in virtual and real settings. In study 2 the objectives were to establish and describe affective and physiological states related to optimal and non-optimal performance in basketball and to compare athletes’ Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOFs) with probabilistic approach in court and video game contexts. In both studies, three-point basketball shots data were collected in a counterbalanced manner from all participants on court and in a virtual setting. The exergame used was Kinect Sports Season 2, through the 3 Point Hero minigame. Study 1 compared 24 college basketball athletes of both sexes. The protocol consisted of 12 sets of 5 shots in each setting. Prior to each shot, heart rate was analyzed using a Polar H10 heart rate transmitter and participants were asked 3 questions to identify activation, pleasantness and self-efficacy levels. At the end of each series, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also analyzed throughout the test. After the series in each setting, the Short Flow State Scale was applied. Performance was analyzed using a 0-5 scale. The analysis of HRV was conducted using Kubios software. All statistical analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS 25 software. Study 2 was conducted with 3 professional basketball athletes who performed 10 sets of 10 shots in each setting. The variables collected were the same as in study 1. In data analysis, ordinal logistic regression was used to establish the athletes' IZOFs with a probabilistic approach in each setting. For the variables Flow, HRV and PSE it was not possible to establish the IZOFs. In study 1, differences were observed between experimental conditions, except Flow and HRV. The female athletes' performance was lower on the court, but higher in the video game when compared to male athletes. Gender differences also occurred for pleasantness and self efficacy. In study 2, it was found that the IZOFs differed in terms of length and intensity both in the comparison between athletes and in the intra-subject comparison. RPE and the Flow are individual, but the effort presented lower levels in videogame condition. It was also found the occurrence of successive sequences of hits on the court, but again presenting individualized patterns. Thus, through the two studies conducted it was possible to verify that each athlete has a unique biopsychosocial profile and that the context can provide changes so that in different situations athletes behave in different ways. Finally, the importance of the use of exergames as an ally in sports’ initiation and training is emphasized, but it is advised to verify their use regarding reality simulations.
This dissertation is composed of two studies. The purpose of study 1 was to analyze the behavior of psychophysiological responses in basketball shots, comparing them in virtual and real settings. In study 2 the objectives were to establish and describe affective and physiological states related to optimal and non-optimal performance in basketball and to compare athletes’ Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOFs) with probabilistic approach in court and video game contexts. In both studies, three-point basketball shots data were collected in a counterbalanced manner from all participants on court and in a virtual setting. The exergame used was Kinect Sports Season 2, through the 3 Point Hero minigame. Study 1 compared 24 college basketball athletes of both sexes. The protocol consisted of 12 sets of 5 shots in each setting. Prior to each shot, heart rate was analyzed using a Polar H10 heart rate transmitter and participants were asked 3 questions to identify activation, pleasantness and self-efficacy levels. At the end of each series, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also analyzed throughout the test. After the series in each setting, the Short Flow State Scale was applied. Performance was analyzed using a 0-5 scale. The analysis of HRV was conducted using Kubios software. All statistical analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS 25 software. Study 2 was conducted with 3 professional basketball athletes who performed 10 sets of 10 shots in each setting. The variables collected were the same as in study 1. In data analysis, ordinal logistic regression was used to establish the athletes' IZOFs with a probabilistic approach in each setting. For the variables Flow, HRV and PSE it was not possible to establish the IZOFs. In study 1, differences were observed between experimental conditions, except Flow and HRV. The female athletes' performance was lower on the court, but higher in the video game when compared to male athletes. Gender differences also occurred for pleasantness and self efficacy. In study 2, it was found that the IZOFs differed in terms of length and intensity both in the comparison between athletes and in the intra-subject comparison. RPE and the Flow are individual, but the effort presented lower levels in videogame condition. It was also found the occurrence of successive sequences of hits on the court, but again presenting individualized patterns. Thus, through the two studies conducted it was possible to verify that each athlete has a unique biopsychosocial profile and that the context can provide changes so that in different situations athletes behave in different ways. Finally, the importance of the use of exergames as an ally in sports’ initiation and training is emphasized, but it is advised to verify their use regarding reality simulations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Psicologia do esporte, IZOF, Flow, Basquete, Exergame, Sport psychology, IZOF, Flow, Basketball, Exergame