White Noise e Zero K: experimentações tecnológicas na vida (e morte) do sujeito pós-moderno
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Data
2020-07-10
Autores
Frigo, Maura Cristina
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo trata da análise das obras White Noise (1985) e Zero K (2016), ambas do escritor norte-americano, Don DeLillo. Esses romances apresentam as mazelas e os desafios enfrentados pelo sujeito no período pós-moderno. São textos propagadores de ideias e conflitos de uma sociedade que tem a tecnologia presente, interligando as várias facetas do consumo desenfreado, com regras ditadas pelo capitalismo. A época é marcada pelo uso da Tecnologia da Informação a serviço de uma sociedade vigiada por câmeras que registram imagens e ruídos, muitas vezes distorcidos daqueles tidos como ideais e denotam a evolução do ser humano permeada por catástrofes anunciadas, frutos do descaso do próprio homem. Muitos dispositivos e experimentações tecnológicas produzem bem-estar, trazem conforto ao sujeito, mas também alimentam o terror e não resolvem as inquietações humanas. O medo da morte está presente no cotidiano das personagens das duas obras e elas são postas em confronto com sua finitude. Há um alerta para a preservação do planeta e para os desvarios dos indivíduos cujo ápice residiria no desejo de aquisição da imortalidade e submissão aos procedimentos demandados pela criogenia. Assim, é possível verificar que o sujeito pós-moderno se diferencia do sujeito do Iluminismo em termos identitários, isto é, a identidade fixa e estável foi descentrada, resultando em identidades abertas, contraditórias, inacabadas e fragmentadas. Essas cenas do mundo pós-moderno, retratadas por Don DeLillo em seu projeto literário, estão presentes em textos de teóricos como Jameson (1993), Baudrillard (1988, 1997), Eagleton (1998), Hall (2015), Bauman (1998, 2001, 2004, 2005), Lypovetsky (2004, 2005), Haraway (2010) e Harari (2016, 2017, 2018), entre outros. A análise parte do Quadrado Semiótico desenvolvido pelo teórico A. J. Greimas (1989), que oferece a ferramenta para destacar os eixos de vida e morte, não-vida e não-morte; contextualizando as buscas do sujeito pós-moderno. A tese reforça, portanto, a discussão acerca da maneira como a literatura permite representar, reler e reavaliar as formas de identidade do sujeito nas diferentes comunidades formadas ao longo da história da era pós-moderna.
This study focuses on the analysis of the novels White Noise (1985) and Zero K (2016), both by the American writer, Don DeLillo. These novels present the problems and challenges faced by the subject in the post-modern period. They are texts that spread ideas and conflicts of a society in which technology is always present, interconnecting the various aspects of the excessive consumption, with rules dictated by capitalism. The era is marked by the use of Information Technology in the service of a society monitored by cameras that record images and noises, often distorted from those considered ideal ones and denote the evolution of the human being permeated by announced catastrophes, as consequences of the neglect of mankind. Many devices and technological experiments produce well-being, bring comfort to the subject, but also enhance terror and do not resolve human concerns. Fear of death is present in the daily lives of the characters in the two novels and they are confronted with their finitude. There is an alert for the preservation of the planet and for the ravages of individuals whose apex would reside in the desire to acquire immortality and submit to the procedures demanded by cryogenics. Thus, it is possible to verify that the postmodern subject differs from the subject of the Enlightenment in terms of identity, that is, the fixed and stable identity has been decentered, resulting in open, contradictory, unfinished and fragmented identities. These postmodern world scenes, portrayed by Don DeLillo in his literary project, are present in texts by theorists such as Jameson (1993), Baudrillard (1988, 1997), Eagleton (1998), Hall (2015), Bauman (1998, 2001, 2004, 2005), Lypovetsky (2004, 2005), Haraway (2010) and Harari (2016, 2017, 2018), among others. The analysis starts from the Semiotic Square developed by A. J. Greimas (1989) that offers the tools to highlight the axes of life and death, non-life and non-death; contextualizing the searches of the postmodern subject. The thesis reinforces, therefore, the discussion about the way in which literature allows to represent, reread and reassess the subject's forms of identity in the different communities formed throughout the history of the postmodern era.
This study focuses on the analysis of the novels White Noise (1985) and Zero K (2016), both by the American writer, Don DeLillo. These novels present the problems and challenges faced by the subject in the post-modern period. They are texts that spread ideas and conflicts of a society in which technology is always present, interconnecting the various aspects of the excessive consumption, with rules dictated by capitalism. The era is marked by the use of Information Technology in the service of a society monitored by cameras that record images and noises, often distorted from those considered ideal ones and denote the evolution of the human being permeated by announced catastrophes, as consequences of the neglect of mankind. Many devices and technological experiments produce well-being, bring comfort to the subject, but also enhance terror and do not resolve human concerns. Fear of death is present in the daily lives of the characters in the two novels and they are confronted with their finitude. There is an alert for the preservation of the planet and for the ravages of individuals whose apex would reside in the desire to acquire immortality and submit to the procedures demanded by cryogenics. Thus, it is possible to verify that the postmodern subject differs from the subject of the Enlightenment in terms of identity, that is, the fixed and stable identity has been decentered, resulting in open, contradictory, unfinished and fragmented identities. These postmodern world scenes, portrayed by Don DeLillo in his literary project, are present in texts by theorists such as Jameson (1993), Baudrillard (1988, 1997), Eagleton (1998), Hall (2015), Bauman (1998, 2001, 2004, 2005), Lypovetsky (2004, 2005), Haraway (2010) and Harari (2016, 2017, 2018), among others. The analysis starts from the Semiotic Square developed by A. J. Greimas (1989) that offers the tools to highlight the axes of life and death, non-life and non-death; contextualizing the searches of the postmodern subject. The thesis reinforces, therefore, the discussion about the way in which literature allows to represent, reread and reassess the subject's forms of identity in the different communities formed throughout the history of the postmodern era.
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Palavras-chave
Pós-moderno, Tecnologia, Vida e morte, Don DeLillo, White Noise, Zero K, Postmodern, Technology, Life and death