Parâmetros biológicos de Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e espécies crípticas de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) sob diferentes perspectivas do manejo integrado de pragas
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Data
2020-07-08
Autores
Miraldo, Leonardo Libardi
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os insetos-praga da ordem Hemiptera estão amplamente distribuídos na agricultura mundial, como por exemplo, a recente ocorrência de M. sacchari em sorgo nos EUA e espécies crípticas “Mediterranean” (MED) e “Middle East-Asia Minor 1” (MEAM1) de B. tabaci em diferentes cultivos no Brasil. Nos EUA, estudos têm investigado os parâmetros bioecológicos de M. sacchari quando exposto aos híbridos de sorgo após o surto desse afídeo ocorrido pela dispersão de indivíduos alados. Já no Brasil, a introdução da espécie críptica MED num sistema agrícola em que as doses dos inseticidas são estabelecidas para MEAM1 alerta o manejo fitossanitário da praga, uma vez que tais espécies competem pelo mesmo hospedeiro e respondem de forma distinta a aplicação de inseticidas. Nesse sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Explorar o efeito de ciantraniliprole na oviposição e performance das espécies crípticas MED e MEAM1 em tomate e pimentão; 2) Investigar a preferência e performance da forma alada de M. sacchari em diferentes híbridos de sorgo. Os ensaios de preferência (com e sem chance de escolha) e performance de M. sacchari em sorgo foram realizados em casa de vegetação (22 ± 2ºC e 16:8h fotoperíodo) em gaiolas anti-afidicas. Já os experimentos de oviposição e performance de MED e MEAM1 foram realizados em condições de laboratório (25 ± 2ºC e 14:10h fotoperíodo), posterior a pulverização terrestre das plantas de tomate e pimentão com ciantraniliprole (500mL p.c./500L) com equipamento de COR2R (30 psi) e bico de jato plano. Ciantraniliprole apresentou alta toxicidade aos adultos de ambas espécies crípticas em pimentão, enquanto a eficácia foi moderada a baixa em tomate. A aplicação do inseticida diminuiu o número de ovos depositados, exceto em pimentão para MEAM1 o qual não houve diferença. Tal ingrediente ativo reduziu a taxa de eclosão de MED em pimentão e MEAM1 em tomate. MED apresentou melhor desenvolvimento quando comparado a MEAM1 em todas as condições, exceto em tomate sem inseticida. Em ambos experimentos, com e sem chance de escolha, os alados de M. sacchari tiveram maior preferência no hibrido suscetível quando comparado ao resistente. Além disso, a performance dos alados foi ~48% maior no híbrido suscetível, demonstrando positiva correlação entre preferência e performance.
Hemiptera pest insects are widely distribuited in global agriculture, such as the recent occurrence of M. sacchari on sorghum in the USA and B. tabaci cryptic species “Mediterranean” (MED) and “Middle East-Asia Minor 1” (MEAM1) among different crops in Brazil. In the USA, studies have investigated the bioecological parameters of M. sacchari when exposed to sorghum hybrids after the outbreak of this aphid occurred due to the dispersion of winged individuals. In Brazil, the introduction of MED species in an agricultural system which the insecticide doses are already established for MEAM1 threats the pest management, once these species compete for the same host and respond differently to insecticides spraying. In this context, this study aimed: 1) Evaluate the effect of cyantraniliprole on the oviposition and performance of cryptic species MED and MEAM1 in tomato and sweet peppers plants; 2) Investigate the preference and performance of M. sacchari alates in different sorghum hybrids. The assays of preference (choice and no choice) and performance of M. sacchari in sorghum were carried out in a greenhouse (22 ± 2ºC and 16:8h photoperiod) in bug dorms. The oviposition and performance trials of MED and MEAM1 were performed under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2ºC and 14:10h photoperiod), after folair application of tomato and pepper plants with cyantraniliprole (500mL c.p./500L) using backpack COR2R equipment at 30 psi and flat fan nozzle. Cyantraniliprole showed high toxicity to adults of both cryptic species in sweet pepper, while the effectiveness was moderate to low in tomato. The application this insecticide decreased the number of eggs laid, except in sweet pepper for MEAM1, which did not differ significantly. This active ingredient reduced the hatchability of MED in sweet pepper and MEAM1 in tomato. In addition, MED showed better development when compared to MEAM1 in all conditions, except in tomato without insecticide. In both experiments, choice and no choice, the winged individuals of M. sacchari had greater preference in the susceptible hybrid when compared to the resistant. In addition, winged performance was ~ 48% higher in the susceptible hybrid, which indicated a positive correlation between preference and performance.
Hemiptera pest insects are widely distribuited in global agriculture, such as the recent occurrence of M. sacchari on sorghum in the USA and B. tabaci cryptic species “Mediterranean” (MED) and “Middle East-Asia Minor 1” (MEAM1) among different crops in Brazil. In the USA, studies have investigated the bioecological parameters of M. sacchari when exposed to sorghum hybrids after the outbreak of this aphid occurred due to the dispersion of winged individuals. In Brazil, the introduction of MED species in an agricultural system which the insecticide doses are already established for MEAM1 threats the pest management, once these species compete for the same host and respond differently to insecticides spraying. In this context, this study aimed: 1) Evaluate the effect of cyantraniliprole on the oviposition and performance of cryptic species MED and MEAM1 in tomato and sweet peppers plants; 2) Investigate the preference and performance of M. sacchari alates in different sorghum hybrids. The assays of preference (choice and no choice) and performance of M. sacchari in sorghum were carried out in a greenhouse (22 ± 2ºC and 16:8h photoperiod) in bug dorms. The oviposition and performance trials of MED and MEAM1 were performed under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2ºC and 14:10h photoperiod), after folair application of tomato and pepper plants with cyantraniliprole (500mL c.p./500L) using backpack COR2R equipment at 30 psi and flat fan nozzle. Cyantraniliprole showed high toxicity to adults of both cryptic species in sweet pepper, while the effectiveness was moderate to low in tomato. The application this insecticide decreased the number of eggs laid, except in sweet pepper for MEAM1, which did not differ significantly. This active ingredient reduced the hatchability of MED in sweet pepper and MEAM1 in tomato. In addition, MED showed better development when compared to MEAM1 in all conditions, except in tomato without insecticide. In both experiments, choice and no choice, the winged individuals of M. sacchari had greater preference in the susceptible hybrid when compared to the resistant. In addition, winged performance was ~ 48% higher in the susceptible hybrid, which indicated a positive correlation between preference and performance.
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Palavras-chave
Hemípteros, Controle químico, Controle varietal, Entomologia agrícola, Manejo integrado de pragas, Hemipterans, Chemical control, Host plant resistance, Agricultural entomology, Integrated pest management