Inter-relações entre ciência da informação e filosofia da ciência: reflexões histórico-epistemológicas
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Data
2020-02-27
Autores
Mello, Mariana Rodrigues Gomes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa interdisciplinar que possibilitasse a reflexão crítica sobre o papel da Ciência da Informação e da Filosofia da Ciência na Pós-Modernidade, com especial enfoque no arcabouço teórico crítico que envolve essas duas esferas do conhecimento. Para tanto, foi analisado o conjunto de acontecimentos histórico-científicos relevantes vinculados à Filosofia da Ciência e à Ciência da Informação. O ponto de partida foi compreender a concepção de Ciência na Antiguidade, momento que ela, ainda, detinha um conteúdo axiológico, passando pela Idade Média – momento em que a cientificidade é minimizada frente à religião. Adentrou-se também na Idade Moderna, destacando o reducionismo cartesiano e o movimento do Iluminismo que, apesar de apresentarem pontos positivos e fundamentais ao desenvolvimento da humanidade nos séculos que o sucederam, por outro lado impediram a liberação de algumas potencialidades inerentes à condição humana, o que resultou no triunfo do mito da razão soberana, expressa na Ciência. Tal fato impediu que outros conhecimentos que não os científicos positivados fossem valorizados, além de ensejar uma superespecialização científica, cujos aspectos positivos apresentados em um primeiro momento, contribuíssem no decurso do tempo para nos proporcionar uma visão estreita dos fenômenos científicos e, em decorrência, do desenvolvimento da Ciência. Finalmente, contemplou-se a Pós-Modernidade, o surgimento e desenvolvimento da Ciência da Informação e a Teoria da Complexidade como forças reacionárias da ideia mecanicista cartesiana. Metodologicamente, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, elegendo-se o método Análise do Discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana, muito embora outros aspectos teórico-filosóficos que apresentaram relação estreita com os objetivos também foram usados como suporte ao método. Observa-se a partir dos resultados obtidos nas bases de dados pesquisadas que a temática desta dissertação em sentido lato, englobando problemática e objetivos, é pouco explorada na área da Ciência da Informação. A aplicação da Análise do Discurso, em cada um dos artigos recuperados, por meio do protocolo da RSL, também parece ser algo inédito, pelo menos no campo da CI. Conclui-se que a interdisciplinaridade é muito discutida no campo teórico, mas na prática o paradigma cartesiano ainda prospera na CI.
It was developed an interdisciplinary research that enables a critical reflection on the role of Information Science and the Philosophy of Science in Postmodernity, with special focus on the critical theoretical framework involving these two spheres of knowledge. To this end, the set of relevant historical-scientific events linked to Philosophy of Science and Information Science was analyzed. The starting point was the conception of Science in Antiquity, a moment that it still had an axiological content, going through the Middle Ages – a time when scientificity is minimized in the face of religion. It also entered the Modern Age, highlighting the Cartesian reductionism and the Enlightenment Movement which, despite presenting positive and fundamental points to the development of humanity in the succeeding centuries, on the other hand prevented the release of some potentialities inherent to the human condition, which resulted in the triumph of the myth of sovereign reason expressed in Science. This fact prevented other knowledge than the positive scientific ones from being valued, besides giving rise to a scientific overspecialization, whose positive aspects presented at first, contributed over time, to provide us with a narrow view of scientific phenomena and, as a result of the development of science. Finally, Postmodernity, the emergence and development of Information Science, and the theory of complexity as a reactionary force to the Cartesian mechanistic idea were contemplated. Methodologically, a qualitative research was carried out, of a bibliographic type, choosing the Discourse Analysis method from the Foucaultian perspective, although other theoretical and philosophical aspects that showed closely related to the objectives were also used to support the method. It can be observed from the results obtained in searched databases in a broad sense that the central point of this research, including research problems and objectives, is still a subject little explored in Information Science. It should be noted that using Discourse Analysis in order to analyze all retrieved works by using systematic review of the literature is a new experience in the field of Information Science. It can be concluded that the interdisciplinary is a much discussed topic concerning theory, however we have to be clear in our own mind that the practice falls a long way short of that, which shows that the Cartesian paradigm is still in force in the field of Information Science.
It was developed an interdisciplinary research that enables a critical reflection on the role of Information Science and the Philosophy of Science in Postmodernity, with special focus on the critical theoretical framework involving these two spheres of knowledge. To this end, the set of relevant historical-scientific events linked to Philosophy of Science and Information Science was analyzed. The starting point was the conception of Science in Antiquity, a moment that it still had an axiological content, going through the Middle Ages – a time when scientificity is minimized in the face of religion. It also entered the Modern Age, highlighting the Cartesian reductionism and the Enlightenment Movement which, despite presenting positive and fundamental points to the development of humanity in the succeeding centuries, on the other hand prevented the release of some potentialities inherent to the human condition, which resulted in the triumph of the myth of sovereign reason expressed in Science. This fact prevented other knowledge than the positive scientific ones from being valued, besides giving rise to a scientific overspecialization, whose positive aspects presented at first, contributed over time, to provide us with a narrow view of scientific phenomena and, as a result of the development of science. Finally, Postmodernity, the emergence and development of Information Science, and the theory of complexity as a reactionary force to the Cartesian mechanistic idea were contemplated. Methodologically, a qualitative research was carried out, of a bibliographic type, choosing the Discourse Analysis method from the Foucaultian perspective, although other theoretical and philosophical aspects that showed closely related to the objectives were also used to support the method. It can be observed from the results obtained in searched databases in a broad sense that the central point of this research, including research problems and objectives, is still a subject little explored in Information Science. It should be noted that using Discourse Analysis in order to analyze all retrieved works by using systematic review of the literature is a new experience in the field of Information Science. It can be concluded that the interdisciplinary is a much discussed topic concerning theory, however we have to be clear in our own mind that the practice falls a long way short of that, which shows that the Cartesian paradigm is still in force in the field of Information Science.
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Palavras-chave
Ciência da informação, Filosofia da ciência, Reflexões epistemológicas, Reflexões metodológicas, Cientificismo, Paradigma cartesiano, Information science, Philosophy of science, Epistemological reflections, Methodological reflections, Scientism, Cartesian paradigm