Caracterização físico-química, compostos bioativos e composição mineral de polpas de açaí oriundas de sistemas agroflorestais, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil
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Data
2020-09-02
Autores
Cabral, Cristiane Maria
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) é espécie nativa da Amazônia, seu fruto é um produto com crescente demanda no mercado, esse interesse se dá por seu alto valor nutricional e seus componentes bioativos, principalmente os flavonoides. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a polpa de açaí e analisar possíveis influências do manejo agroecológico na composição da polpa. O material de pesquisa foi proveniente de três áreas de agrofloresta no município de Tomé-Açu, dois sistemas agroflorestais com manejo agroecológico, tratamento Unidade Demonstrativa (UD) 1 e Unidade Demonstrativa 2 do SAF Dendê e a terceira área de produção agroflorestal com adubação convencional. Como matéria-prima foi utilizada as polpas tipo A (grosso), processados na Agroindústria da CAMTA, foram realizadas análises de açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, sacarose, umidade, cinzas, fibra bruta, proteína bruta, lipídios, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, índice de maturação (SS/AT), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante, densidade e teor de polpa, sólidos totais, viscosidade, minerais (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), determinação de cor (a*, b*, luminosidade, croma, Hue) e cromatografia de camada delgada para as classes açúcares, terpenos e flavonoides. Com base nos resultados obtidos, a amostra da UD1 apresentou maior teor para sacarose, açucares redutores, proteína, pH e nitrogênio, para amostra da UD2 os maiores teores são para açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, compostos fenólicos e colocação superior nos cromatogramas e para a amostra convencional os maiores teores foram encontrados para o nutriente fósforo, luminosidade e croma. Foi possível notar influencia positiva do manejo agroecológico sobre a qualidade das polpas, principalmente para a característica compostos fenólicos, açúcares, pH, proteína e nos cromatogramas e sem influencia significativa na composição de macro e micronutrientes.
Açaízeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native species of the Amazon, its fruit is a product with increasing demand in the market. This interest is due to its high nutritional value and its bioactive components, mainly of the flavonoid class. This study aims to characterize the açaí pulp and analyze possible influences of agroecological management on the composition of the pulp. The search material comes from three field of the municipality of Tomé-Açu, which are two agroforestry systems with agroecological management, demo unit 1 (UD1) and UD2 treatment from SAF Dendê and the third area of agroforestry production with conventional fertilization, commercial treatment, as a control. As raw material, thick pulps were used, processed in the CAMTA Agroindustry, analyzes of reducing sugars, total sugars, sucrose, moisture, ashes, fiber, protein, lipids, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation, pH, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, density and pulp content, total solids, viscosity, minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), color determination (a *, b *, luminosity, chroma, Hue) and thin layer chromatography for the sugar, terpene and flavonoid classes. Based on the results obtained, the UD1 sample showed the highest content for sucrose, protein, pH and the nutrient nitrogen, for the UD2 sample the highest levels are for reducing sugars, total sugars and phenolic compounds and for the commercial sample the highest levels were found for the nutrient phosphorus, luminosity and chroma. It was possible to notice a positive effect on the quality of the pulps, mainly for phenolic compounds, sugars, pH and protein and without influence on the composition of macro and micronutrients.
Açaízeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native species of the Amazon, its fruit is a product with increasing demand in the market. This interest is due to its high nutritional value and its bioactive components, mainly of the flavonoid class. This study aims to characterize the açaí pulp and analyze possible influences of agroecological management on the composition of the pulp. The search material comes from three field of the municipality of Tomé-Açu, which are two agroforestry systems with agroecological management, demo unit 1 (UD1) and UD2 treatment from SAF Dendê and the third area of agroforestry production with conventional fertilization, commercial treatment, as a control. As raw material, thick pulps were used, processed in the CAMTA Agroindustry, analyzes of reducing sugars, total sugars, sucrose, moisture, ashes, fiber, protein, lipids, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation, pH, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, density and pulp content, total solids, viscosity, minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), color determination (a *, b *, luminosity, chroma, Hue) and thin layer chromatography for the sugar, terpene and flavonoid classes. Based on the results obtained, the UD1 sample showed the highest content for sucrose, protein, pH and the nutrient nitrogen, for the UD2 sample the highest levels are for reducing sugars, total sugars and phenolic compounds and for the commercial sample the highest levels were found for the nutrient phosphorus, luminosity and chroma. It was possible to notice a positive effect on the quality of the pulps, mainly for phenolic compounds, sugars, pH and protein and without influence on the composition of macro and micronutrients.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Euterpe oleracea, Compostos funcionais, Agrofloresta, Pós-colheita, Agroecologia, Functional compounds, Post-harvest, Agroforestry