Interoperabilidade semântica entre linguagens de indexação para bibliotecas universitárias
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Data
2020-08-21
Autores
Rio Branco, Luciana Beatriz Piovezan [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A interoperabilidade semântica é a capacidade de sistemas de informação de trocar, usar e reusar informação compreensível por máquinas e se aplica às questões de construção e gerenciamento de linguagens de indexação para que estas possam ser utilizadas para indexação e recuperação de informação de forma integrada em diversos ambientes. Considerando este novo paradigma de representação do conhecimento, abordou-se como problema de pesquisa a disseminação de vocabulários com níveis de controle diversos construídos individualmente por bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras como fator de isolamento, por não atenderem às normativas internacionais e assim, não permitirem o alcance da interoperabilidade semântica com outros vocabulários. A hipótese levantada é que a interoperabilidade semântica tem importância estratégica para que bibliotecas universitárias possam construir e manter atualizadas linguagens de indexação de acordo com normativas internacionais necessárias à integração dos diferentes sistemas de representação de informação. Agregar interoperabilidade semântica às linguagens de indexação em bibliotecas universitárias, é a tese que garantirá a melhora nos processos de gestão destas linguagens, contribuindo para a sua atualização, a incorporação de termos, bem como para a percepção no aumento da qualidade da indexação realizada. Deste modo, a pesquisa teve por finalidade elencar as características preferidas no processo de construção de linguagens de indexação para que esta se constitua em uma linguagem interoperável, permitindo seu intercâmbio e reuso com outros sistemas de bibliotecas universitárias. Delineou-se como objetivo geral oferecer subsídios teóricos metodológicos à pesquisa sobre interoperabilidade semântica de linguagens de indexação no contexto teórico da organização e representação do conhecimento. E como objetivos específicos, realizar estudo teórico e metodológico sobre elaboração e manutenção de linguagens de indexação com foco na interoperabilidade semântica; analisar o processo de elaboração de linguagens de indexação sob o aspecto das normas internacionais focalizando a interoperabilidade semântica; identificar e analisar projetos de interoperabilidade semântica de linguagens de indexação e elaborar recomendações para a construção de linguagens com interoperabilidade semântica. Para alcançar tais objetivos, utilizou-se do método quadripolar de pesquisa, com uso de técnicas de análise de conteúdo e entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram realizadas com catalogadores de três bibliotecas universitárias e, posteriormente analisadas em categorias temáticas. Os resultados demonstraram que os projetos de linguagens de indexação com interoperabilidade semântica encontram-se em estágios diversos de desenvolvimento e estão sendo realizados sem o conhecimento das atuais normas de construção de linguagens de indexação. Foram identificadas dificuldades no desenvolvimento destes projetos que afetam as ações cotidianas de gestão da linguagem de indexação tendo efeitos no uso desta linguagem pelos usuários. Nesse sentido elaborou-se um conjunto inicial de recomendações, com base na ISO 25.964 partes 1 e 2, para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de projetos tais como os analisados. Conclui-se que o desconhecimento dos mapeamentos semânticos, enquanto elementos-chave indicados pelas normas internacionais para o estabelecimento de interoperabilidade semântica, advém da inacessibilidade destes documentos, por fatores principalmente idiomáticos e financeiros. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa foi demonstrar e analisar as propostas de mapeamentos semânticos e suas funções na interoperabilidade semântica entre linguagens de indexação.
Semantic interoperability is the ability of information systems to exchange, use and reuse information readable by machines and it applies to issues of building and managing indexing languages so that they can be used for information indexing and retrieval in an integrated way in various environments. Considering this new paradigm of knowledge representation, we had as a research problem the dissemination of vocabularies with different levels of control constructed individually by Brazilian university libraries as a factor of isolation, when they do not meet international standards and thus do not allow the semantic interoperability with other vocabularies. The hypothesis raised is that semantic interoperability has strategic importance so that university libraries can build and maintain updated indexing languages according to international guidelines necessary for the integration of the different information representation systems. Adding semantic interoperability to indexing languages in university libraries is the thesis that will ensure improvement in the management processes of these languages, contributing to their updating, the incorporation of terms, as well as the perception in increasing the quality of indexing performed. The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics that should be preferred in the process of constructing indexing languages so that it constitutes an interoperable language, allowing its exchange and reuse with other systems of University libraries. We present as a general-purpose to offer theoretical and methodological contributions to research on semantic interoperability of indexing languages in the theoretical context of the knowledge organization. And as specific aims, we intended to carry out a theoretical and methodological study on the construction and maintenance of indexing languages with a focus on semantic interoperability; analyze the process of developing indexing languages under the aspect of international standards focusing on semantic interoperability; identify and analyze projects of semantic interoperability between indexing languages and present recommendations for the construction of indexing languages with semantic interoperability. To achieve these purposes, the Quadripolar method of research was used, employing techniques of content analysis and semi-structured interviews that were conducted with catalogers from three university libraries and afterward analyzed in thematic categories. The results demonstrated that the projects of indexing languages with semantic interoperability are in different stages of development and that they are being carried out without the knowledge of the current standards of construction of indexing languages. Difficulties in the development of these projects were identified that affect the daily actions of indexing language management having effects on the use of this language by users. In this sense, an initial set of recommendations was elaborated, based on ISO 25,964 parts 1 and 2, to contribute to the development of projects such as those analyzed. It is concluded that the obliviousness of semantic mappings, as key elements indicated by international standards for the establishment of semantic interoperability, results from the inaccessibility of these documents, due to mainly idiomatic and financial factors. The main contribution of this research was to demonstrate and analyze the proposals of semantic mappings and their functions in semantic interoperability between indexing languages.
Semantic interoperability is the ability of information systems to exchange, use and reuse information readable by machines and it applies to issues of building and managing indexing languages so that they can be used for information indexing and retrieval in an integrated way in various environments. Considering this new paradigm of knowledge representation, we had as a research problem the dissemination of vocabularies with different levels of control constructed individually by Brazilian university libraries as a factor of isolation, when they do not meet international standards and thus do not allow the semantic interoperability with other vocabularies. The hypothesis raised is that semantic interoperability has strategic importance so that university libraries can build and maintain updated indexing languages according to international guidelines necessary for the integration of the different information representation systems. Adding semantic interoperability to indexing languages in university libraries is the thesis that will ensure improvement in the management processes of these languages, contributing to their updating, the incorporation of terms, as well as the perception in increasing the quality of indexing performed. The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics that should be preferred in the process of constructing indexing languages so that it constitutes an interoperable language, allowing its exchange and reuse with other systems of University libraries. We present as a general-purpose to offer theoretical and methodological contributions to research on semantic interoperability of indexing languages in the theoretical context of the knowledge organization. And as specific aims, we intended to carry out a theoretical and methodological study on the construction and maintenance of indexing languages with a focus on semantic interoperability; analyze the process of developing indexing languages under the aspect of international standards focusing on semantic interoperability; identify and analyze projects of semantic interoperability between indexing languages and present recommendations for the construction of indexing languages with semantic interoperability. To achieve these purposes, the Quadripolar method of research was used, employing techniques of content analysis and semi-structured interviews that were conducted with catalogers from three university libraries and afterward analyzed in thematic categories. The results demonstrated that the projects of indexing languages with semantic interoperability are in different stages of development and that they are being carried out without the knowledge of the current standards of construction of indexing languages. Difficulties in the development of these projects were identified that affect the daily actions of indexing language management having effects on the use of this language by users. In this sense, an initial set of recommendations was elaborated, based on ISO 25,964 parts 1 and 2, to contribute to the development of projects such as those analyzed. It is concluded that the obliviousness of semantic mappings, as key elements indicated by international standards for the establishment of semantic interoperability, results from the inaccessibility of these documents, due to mainly idiomatic and financial factors. The main contribution of this research was to demonstrate and analyze the proposals of semantic mappings and their functions in semantic interoperability between indexing languages.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Linguagem de indexação, Indexação, Bibliotecas universitárias, Interoperabilidade semântica, Indexing language, Indexing, University libraries, Semantic interoperability