Irrigação subsuperficial e fertirrigação: desempenho e custos na cultura do brócolis
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Data
2020-09-15
Autores
Reis, Karoline Maso dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A irrigação é uma estratégia reconhecida no incremento de produtividade, por proteger a lavoura da sazonalidade das chuvas, porém a decisão de seu uso deve ser embasada em critérios técnicos e operacionais, bem como, nos impactos econômicos e ambientais oriundos da utilização da mesma. O objetivo no trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho hidráulico, o desenvolvimento da cultura de brócolis ‘tipo cabeça única’ e os custos na irrigação por gotejamento em superfície e subsuperfície com e sem fertirrigação. O experimento foi no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), com 4 repetições e conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator as profundidades 0; 0,10 e 0,20 m de enterrio do tubo gotejador; e o segundo fator a aplicação de fertilizantes via água de irrigação (fertirrigação) e manual (convencional), totalizando 6 tratamentos. Foram avaliadas as características hidráulicas do sistema, a produtividade do brócolis e os custos de implantação e operação dos sistemas de irrigação. A aferição hidráulica dos tubos gotejadores antes e após o uso, com ensaios para determinação: vazão, coeficiente de variação de vazão (CVq), coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e grau de entupimento (GE). Os custos fixos, aqueles que independem da produção como os tubos gotejadores, injetor de fertilizantes e outros, e variáveis, que dependem da produção como mão de obra, fertilizantes, energia elétrica e outros. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. A irrigação por gotejamento em superfície ou subsuperfície e a aplicação de adubos via fertirrigação ou adubação manual não interferiram no desempenho dos tubos gotejadores e não provocaram alterações significativas na produtividade do brócolis. A fertirrigação resulta em menor custo de produção (2,18%) comparativamente à adubação manual e o enterrio do tubo gotejador em maior custo (1,60%) de produção que a irrigação em superfície.
Irrigation is a recognized strategy for increasing productivity, as it protects crops from the sazonality of rainfall, but the decision of using it them should be be based on technical and operational criteria, as well as on the economic and environmental impacts arising from their use. The objective in the work was to evaluate the hydraulic performance, the development of the crop of 'single head broccoli' and the cost of surface and subsurface drip irrigation and without fertirrigation. The experiment was in a randomized block design (DBC), with 4 replications and conducted in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the first factor being depths 0; 0.10 and 0.20 m for the drip tube to enter; and the second factor is the application of fertilizers via irrigation (fertirrigation) and manual (conventional) water, totaling 6 treatments.. The hydraulic characteristics of the system, the productivity of the broccoli and the costs of implantation and operation of the irrigation systems were evaluated. The hydraulic measurement of the drip tubes before and after use, with tests to determination: flow, flow variation coefficient (CVq), Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD) and degree of clogging (GE). Fixed costs, those that are independent of production, such as drip tubes, fertilizer injectors and others, and variables, which depend on production such as labor, fertilizers, electricity and others. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test. Drip irrigation on surface or subsurface and the application of fertilizers via fertirrigation or manual fertilization did not interfere with the performance of drip tubes and did not cause significant changes in broccoli productivity. Fertirrigation results in a lower cost of production (2.18%) compared to manual fertilization and the burial of the drip tube at a higher cost (1.60%) of production than surface irrigation.
Irrigation is a recognized strategy for increasing productivity, as it protects crops from the sazonality of rainfall, but the decision of using it them should be be based on technical and operational criteria, as well as on the economic and environmental impacts arising from their use. The objective in the work was to evaluate the hydraulic performance, the development of the crop of 'single head broccoli' and the cost of surface and subsurface drip irrigation and without fertirrigation. The experiment was in a randomized block design (DBC), with 4 replications and conducted in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the first factor being depths 0; 0.10 and 0.20 m for the drip tube to enter; and the second factor is the application of fertilizers via irrigation (fertirrigation) and manual (conventional) water, totaling 6 treatments.. The hydraulic characteristics of the system, the productivity of the broccoli and the costs of implantation and operation of the irrigation systems were evaluated. The hydraulic measurement of the drip tubes before and after use, with tests to determination: flow, flow variation coefficient (CVq), Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD) and degree of clogging (GE). Fixed costs, those that are independent of production, such as drip tubes, fertilizer injectors and others, and variables, which depend on production such as labor, fertilizers, electricity and others. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test. Drip irrigation on surface or subsurface and the application of fertilizers via fertirrigation or manual fertilization did not interfere with the performance of drip tubes and did not cause significant changes in broccoli productivity. Fertirrigation results in a lower cost of production (2.18%) compared to manual fertilization and the burial of the drip tube at a higher cost (1.60%) of production than surface irrigation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Brassica oleracea var. itálica, Irrigação localizada, Adubação, Eficiência econômica