App projeto judô: o uso das tecnologias no processo de democratização da modalidade
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Data
2020-09-30
Autores
Jesus, Glauber Bedini de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desde o início dos anos 2000, as instituições representativas do judô vêm revisando as formas de pensá-lo e ofertá-lo. No Brasil, essa ação materializou-se a partir da ideia de difundi-lo e democratizá-lo com vistas ao desenvolvimento educacional e social. Apesar dos esforços realizados, a hipótese é que a modalidade parece viver um contexto incipiente dessa democratização, marcado por carências advindas do: 1. Acesso ao conhecimento e das 2. Características do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar o contexto de democratização do ensino do judô e propor alternativas para seu fomento com a criação de um material didático pautado na utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Para tanto, o estudo foi realizado em seis etapas, essas correspondentes aos seis artigos estruturantes da tese, caracterizados pela utilização de abordagens qualitativas e quali-quantitativas. No Artigo I verificaram-se as condições de trabalho, as concepções e a forma como monitores (n=2) do Programa Mais Educação desenvolveram suas atividades sobre o judô, utilizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo como percurso metodológico; no Artigo II realizou-se o levantamento e a análise da produção científica da modalidade, especificamente no que se refere aos conteúdos que tratam dos princípios e valores, no sentido de compreender os contextos de sua produção em âmbito nacional e internacional, utilizando-se da metodologia do tipo “estado da arte” em periódicos da área 21 e específicos na área de lutas (n=12); o Artigo III examinou as relações existentes entre as concepções teóricas e as atuações práticas presentes no judô, a partir das percepções que pais, professores e alunos têm da modalidade (n=74), utilizando-se um questionário validado para este fim e fazendo a análise a partir da estatística descritiva, da estatística inferencial e da análise de conteúdo; no Artigo IV buscou-se compreender o posicionamento de um grupo de pais, professores e praticantes de judô (n=74) sobre as necessidades de existência e utilização de materiais didáticos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da modalidade, que também foi desenvolvido a partir de um questionário e analisado por meio da estatística descritiva e da estatística inferencial. Com os dados desses estudos prévios, no Artigo V descreve-se o processo de elaboração do material didático para os primeiros níveis de graduação, em formato de aplicativo para dispositivos móveis, na tentativa de subsidiar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do judô de forma acessível e gratuita. Tendo o design de interação como parâmetro de concepção desse material, o Artigo VI realizou a avaliação do protótipo a partir da perspectiva de experiência do usuário – com a participação de pais, professores e praticantes (n=9) – objetivando a melhora da qualidade de uso do sistema, servindo-se do grupo focal e da análise de conteúdo no processo metodológico. Os resultados confirmaram a incipiência do processo de democratização nas populações estudadas, no qual o acesso aos conhecimentos e às características do processo de ensino e aprendizagem puderam ser aprofundados. O aplicativo foi avaliado positivamente e recebeu contribuições valiosas dos usuários quanto à compreensão de suas potencialidades e limitações. Sugere-se a continuidade de criação do material, na perspectiva de ampliar as possibilidades de contato com a modalidade, congregando outras iniciativas e impulsionando seu desenvolvimento na sociedade. Apesar da pesquisa não possibilitar generalizações, seus achados podem auxiliar na ampliação dos entendimentos e discussões sobre a vivência da modalidade no país.
Since the early 2000s, the representative institutions of judo have been revising ways of rethinking it and offering it. In Brazil, this action materialized itself from the idea of propagating judo and democratizing it focusing on social and educational development. Despite efforts made, the hypothesis is that this sport seems to live in an incipient context of its democratization, marked by deficiencies arising from: 1. Access to knowledge and 2. Characteristics of the teaching and learning process. The aim of this study was to verify the democratization context of the teaching of judo and to propose alternatives in regards to its promotion by creating a educational material using the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Therefore, this study was carried out in six stages that correspond to the six structuring articles of the thesis, characterized by the use of qualitative and qualitative-quantitative approaches. In Article I, working conditions, conceptions and the way in which monitors (n=2) of the Mais Educação program developed their activities relating to judo were verified, using semi-structured interviews and content analysis as a methodological path; in Article II the assessment and analysis of the scientific production of the sport was carried out, specifically with regard to the contents that deal with its principles and values, in order to understand the contexts of its production in the national and international scope, using “state of the art” methodology in area 21 periodicals and specific in the area of martial arts (n=12); Article III examined the existing relationships between theoretical concepts and practical applications that parents, teachers, and students have of the sport (n=74), using a questionnaire verified for this purpose and doing the analysis deriving from descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and content analysis; in Article IV it was sought to understand the opinion of a group of parents, teachers and judo practitioners (n=74) on the necessity for the existence and use of educational materials in the teaching and learning process of the sport, which was also developed from a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. With the data from these previous studies, Article V describes the elaboration process of an educational material for the initial levels of graduation, in an application format for mobile devices, in an attempt to subsidize the teaching and learning process of judo in an accessible and cost-free way. Having the interaction design as a conception parameter of this educational material, Article VI carried out the evaluation of the prototype from the perspective of user experience – with the participation of parents, teachers and practitioners (n=9) – aiming at improving the user-friendliness of the app, with the information provided by the focal group and the content analysis in the methodological process. The results confirmed the incipience of the democratization process in the studied populations, in which access to knowledge and characteristics of the teaching and learning process could be deepened. The mobile application was positively evaluated and received valuable contributions from users regarding the understanding of its potential and its limitations. The continuation of the creation of this educational material is suggested, with the perspective of expanding the possibilities of contact with judo, bringing together other initiatives and boosting its development in society. Although this study does not allow generalizations, its findings may help broaden the understandings and discussions about the experience of the sport in the country.
Since the early 2000s, the representative institutions of judo have been revising ways of rethinking it and offering it. In Brazil, this action materialized itself from the idea of propagating judo and democratizing it focusing on social and educational development. Despite efforts made, the hypothesis is that this sport seems to live in an incipient context of its democratization, marked by deficiencies arising from: 1. Access to knowledge and 2. Characteristics of the teaching and learning process. The aim of this study was to verify the democratization context of the teaching of judo and to propose alternatives in regards to its promotion by creating a educational material using the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Therefore, this study was carried out in six stages that correspond to the six structuring articles of the thesis, characterized by the use of qualitative and qualitative-quantitative approaches. In Article I, working conditions, conceptions and the way in which monitors (n=2) of the Mais Educação program developed their activities relating to judo were verified, using semi-structured interviews and content analysis as a methodological path; in Article II the assessment and analysis of the scientific production of the sport was carried out, specifically with regard to the contents that deal with its principles and values, in order to understand the contexts of its production in the national and international scope, using “state of the art” methodology in area 21 periodicals and specific in the area of martial arts (n=12); Article III examined the existing relationships between theoretical concepts and practical applications that parents, teachers, and students have of the sport (n=74), using a questionnaire verified for this purpose and doing the analysis deriving from descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and content analysis; in Article IV it was sought to understand the opinion of a group of parents, teachers and judo practitioners (n=74) on the necessity for the existence and use of educational materials in the teaching and learning process of the sport, which was also developed from a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. With the data from these previous studies, Article V describes the elaboration process of an educational material for the initial levels of graduation, in an application format for mobile devices, in an attempt to subsidize the teaching and learning process of judo in an accessible and cost-free way. Having the interaction design as a conception parameter of this educational material, Article VI carried out the evaluation of the prototype from the perspective of user experience – with the participation of parents, teachers and practitioners (n=9) – aiming at improving the user-friendliness of the app, with the information provided by the focal group and the content analysis in the methodological process. The results confirmed the incipience of the democratization process in the studied populations, in which access to knowledge and characteristics of the teaching and learning process could be deepened. The mobile application was positively evaluated and received valuable contributions from users regarding the understanding of its potential and its limitations. The continuation of the creation of this educational material is suggested, with the perspective of expanding the possibilities of contact with judo, bringing together other initiatives and boosting its development in society. Although this study does not allow generalizations, its findings may help broaden the understandings and discussions about the experience of the sport in the country.
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Palavras-chave
Democracia, Tecnologias, Ensino, Aprendizagem, Judô, Judo, Democracy, Technologies, Teaching, Learning