O "Mos Maiorum" na obra "Histórias" de Políbio: a construção da imagem de um general romano (século II a.C.)
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2020-11-10
Autores
Cerri, Monique
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como intuito observar a construção do conceito de "Mos Maiorum", um conjunto de virtudes pertencentes à moral ancestral romana que deveria ser seguido por aqueles que quisessem ser virtuosos, obter glória e ser dignos de permanecer na memória coletiva romana. Trabalharemos com a hipótese de que tal conceito foi aprimorado na obra "Histórias", do autor grego Políbio de Megalópolis (200 a.C.-118 a.C.) para a descrição da imagem do general romano Cipião Emiliano (185 a.C.-129 a.C.), a fim de que este servisse como modelo de líder para o exército romano e para as futuras gerações, em detrimento de Aníbal Barca, general cartaginês que, apesar de ser exímio estrategista, não deveria ser utilizado como exemplo por não se adequar ao "Mos Maiorum". A obra "Histórias" de Políbio também se faz fundamental para compreender as Guerras Púnicas (264 a.C.-146 a.C.), inseridas no contexto da República Romana (509 a.C.-31 a.C.), pois sua escrita foi realizada durante o conflito e tinha como um dos seus objetivos registrá-lo. Coadunamos à nossa hipótese também a ideia de que, ao redigir sua obra, Políbio buscava sua afirmação dentro da sociedade romana, já que estava na condição de prisioneiro de guerra (167 a.C.-150 a.C.), ainda que sob a proteção da família Emílio-Cipião.
The present work aims to observe the construction of the concept of Mos Maiorum, a set of virtues that belonged to ancestral Roman morals and should be followed by those who wished to be virtuous, obtain glory and be worthy of belonging to Roman collective memory. We shall work with the hypothesis that such concept was improved in the book The Histories, by Greek author Polybius of Megalopolis (200 BC - 118 BC) for the description of Roman general Scipio Aemilianus' image, in order to serve as a role model for the Roman army and the future generations, as opposed to Hannibal Barca, Carthaginian general who, in spite of being an excellent strategist, should not be used as an example for not being in accordance to the Mos Maiorum. The work The Histories by Polybius is also fundamental to comprehend the Punic Wars (264 BC - 146 BC), inserted in the context of the Roman Republican period (509 BC - 31 BC), as well as the quest for self-affirmation by the author, because its writing was fulfilled during his captivity in Rome (167 BC - 150 BC) and had as one of its goals to register the conflict. We also agree with the hypothesis that, in writing his work, Polybius sought his affirmation within Roman society, since he was a prisoner of war (167 BC - 150 BC), although under the protection of the Emilio- Scipio
The present work aims to observe the construction of the concept of Mos Maiorum, a set of virtues that belonged to ancestral Roman morals and should be followed by those who wished to be virtuous, obtain glory and be worthy of belonging to Roman collective memory. We shall work with the hypothesis that such concept was improved in the book The Histories, by Greek author Polybius of Megalopolis (200 BC - 118 BC) for the description of Roman general Scipio Aemilianus' image, in order to serve as a role model for the Roman army and the future generations, as opposed to Hannibal Barca, Carthaginian general who, in spite of being an excellent strategist, should not be used as an example for not being in accordance to the Mos Maiorum. The work The Histories by Polybius is also fundamental to comprehend the Punic Wars (264 BC - 146 BC), inserted in the context of the Roman Republican period (509 BC - 31 BC), as well as the quest for self-affirmation by the author, because its writing was fulfilled during his captivity in Rome (167 BC - 150 BC) and had as one of its goals to register the conflict. We also agree with the hypothesis that, in writing his work, Polybius sought his affirmation within Roman society, since he was a prisoner of war (167 BC - 150 BC), although under the protection of the Emilio- Scipio
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Guerras púnicas, Histórias, Mos Maiorum, Políbio, República romana, Punic War, Histories, Mos Maiorum, Polybius, Republic Rome