A Teoria do Apego na creche: um olhar para o papel dos vínculos no desenvolvimento de bebês e crianças pequenas
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Data
2020-11-17
Autores
Freitas, Nathália Ferraz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diversas são as questões que impactam o desenvolvimento e o trabalho com bebês e crianças pequenas na creche, dentre estas, nota-se que o apego entre criança-professor deve ser pensado, pois trata-se de um elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento da criança. Conforme aponta a Teoria do Apego de John Bowlby, os seres humanos nascem com a necessidade de formar vínculos com outras pessoas e a qualidade e a consistência desses vínculos impactam o desenvolvimento das crianças, trazendo consequências até a fase adulta. Diante das necessidades de apego do bebê e da criança pequena, defende-se que a creche deve refletir sobre os vínculos que se firmam entre professor e criança no interior da instituição, pois um trabalho que respeite as crianças e as especificidades do trabalho na creche perpassa por esse tema. Diante disso, esta pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico, que se encontra vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus de Presidente Prudente, na linha de pesquisa “Processos formativos, infância e juventude” apresenta o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Quais as contribuições da Teoria do Apego para educação de bebês e crianças pequenas na creche? Como as ações do dia a dia da creche podem possibilitar a construção de relações de apego entre professor e crianças? A fim de trazer respostas a essas perguntas, traçou-se como objetivo geral deste trabalho reconhecer a importância dos princípios da Teoria do Apego para o desenvolvimento de bebês e crianças pequenas na creche; deste objetivo geral, emanam três objetivos específicos, a saber: Conhecer John Bowlby e compreender como surgiu a Teoria do Apego; Identificar os aspectos e princípios fundamentais de sua obra; Apontar sugestões de ações que influenciam positivamente a construção de relações de apego entre professor e criança na creche. Defende-se que as ideias e conceitos apontados pela Teoria do Apego sejam trabalhados desde os cursos de formação inicial de professores, para que esses profissionais estejam preparados para o trabalho com crianças, considerando as especificidades do trabalho com bebês e crianças pequenas, em que os vínculos sejam valorizados. A obra de John Bowlby fornece elementos necessários para se discutir o papel e a importância do apego no desenvolvimento da criança, além de se possibilitarem meios para que relações de apego seguro sejam firmadas entre professor e criança no decorrer das atividades diárias.
There are several issues that impact the development and work with babies and young children in daycare, among these, it is noted that the attachment between child-teacher should be thought, because it is an essential element for child's development. As John's Bowlby Theory of Attachment points out, human beings are born with the need to form bonds with other people and the quality and consistency of those bonds impact child's development, bringing consequences until adulthood. Given the attachment needs of the baby and small child, advocated that the center care should reflect on the bonds between teacher and child within the institution, therefore a work that respects children and their specificities of the work in the daycare goes through this theme. Therefore, this research, which is linked to the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho, campus of Presidente Prudente, in the research line of "Formative process, childhood and youth" presents the following research problem: What are the contributions of the Theory of Attachment to babies and youth children's education in daycare? How day-to-day care can enable the construction of attachment relationship between teacher and children? In order to bring answers to these questions, it was outlined as the general objective of this paperwork to recognize the importance of the principles of attachment's theory to babies and youth children's development in daycare, this general goal emanated three specific objectives, namely: to know John Bowlby and to understand how the Theory of Attachment arose; identify the fundamental aspects and principles of his work; point out suggestions of actions that affects positively the construction of attachment relationship between teacher and kid in nursery. It is advocated that the ideas and concepts pointed out by Theory of Attachment should be worked, since the initial teacher training courses, so that those professionals are prepared to work with kids in, considering the specificities of working with babies and youth children, in which bonds are valued. John Bowlby's work provides necessary elements to discuss the role and importance of attachment in children's development, in addition to providing ways for safe attachment relationships to be established between teacher and child in the course of daily activities.
There are several issues that impact the development and work with babies and young children in daycare, among these, it is noted that the attachment between child-teacher should be thought, because it is an essential element for child's development. As John's Bowlby Theory of Attachment points out, human beings are born with the need to form bonds with other people and the quality and consistency of those bonds impact child's development, bringing consequences until adulthood. Given the attachment needs of the baby and small child, advocated that the center care should reflect on the bonds between teacher and child within the institution, therefore a work that respects children and their specificities of the work in the daycare goes through this theme. Therefore, this research, which is linked to the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho, campus of Presidente Prudente, in the research line of "Formative process, childhood and youth" presents the following research problem: What are the contributions of the Theory of Attachment to babies and youth children's education in daycare? How day-to-day care can enable the construction of attachment relationship between teacher and children? In order to bring answers to these questions, it was outlined as the general objective of this paperwork to recognize the importance of the principles of attachment's theory to babies and youth children's development in daycare, this general goal emanated three specific objectives, namely: to know John Bowlby and to understand how the Theory of Attachment arose; identify the fundamental aspects and principles of his work; point out suggestions of actions that affects positively the construction of attachment relationship between teacher and kid in nursery. It is advocated that the ideas and concepts pointed out by Theory of Attachment should be worked, since the initial teacher training courses, so that those professionals are prepared to work with kids in, considering the specificities of working with babies and youth children, in which bonds are valued. John Bowlby's work provides necessary elements to discuss the role and importance of attachment in children's development, in addition to providing ways for safe attachment relationships to be established between teacher and child in the course of daily activities.
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Palavras-chave
Teoria do Apego, John Bowlby, Vínculo, Creche, Professor, Bebês, Crianças pequenas, Theory of attachment, Bond, Daycare, Teacher, Babies, Youth children