Microbiologia do solo e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária com fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais
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Data
2020-12-10
Autores
Lazzarin, Luciane Cristina
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os sistemas integrados de produção são alternativas promissoras para a agricultura sustentável, permitindo uma interação positiva entre animais e plantas, o que resulta em benefícios ambientais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a contribuição dos fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais no sequestro de carbono e nas propriedades microbiológicas do solo em dois sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária. Os tratamentos incluíram dois sistemas de produção conservacionista: Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (iLP) e Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (iLPF), além da interação com três diferentes fertilizantes (dejeto suíno, cama de aves e inorgânico) e o controle sem fertilização. Para a análise dos teores de C e N aportados pelas culturas, amostras de solo foram coletadas em trincheiras e analisadas através do analisador elementar (CHN) e as análises microbiológicas seguiram a metodologia PLFA. Maior eficiência no aporte de C em 2018 foi encontrada no sistema iLP (2590 kg ha-1) sobre o iLPF (2030 kg ha-1) no tratamento controle, e nenhuma outra diferença foi encontrada comparando os sistemas de produção. Em relação aos fertilizantes, as maiores contribuições de C e N em 2018 foram observadas no solo fertilizado com cama de aves e dejeto de suínos, com eficiência de 56% para C no sistema iLP e 59% no iLPF, e 60% para N no iLP e 62% no iLPF. Porém, em 2019 o fertilizante inorgânico apresentou diferença no iLP e cama de aves no iLPF (ambos com eficiência da ordem de 27%), tanto para C quanto para N. Considerando o perfil total do solo na comparação entre os sistemas de produção, o sistema iLPF apresentou eficiência de 20,7% sobre o iLP em relação ao estoque de C no tratamento controle, e o estoque de N foi mais eficiente sobre o iLP na cama de frango e fertilizantes minerais. Quando não há fertilização nos sistemas de produção, o iLPF é superior ao iLP para aporte de C, no entanto, quando há fertilização com cama de aves e inorgânico, o sistema iLP é superior ao iLPF para aporte de N. O fertilizante inorgânico ou orgânico aumentou a entrada de C apenas no sistema iLP, demonstrando que há outra dinâmica de acúmulo de C quando o eucalipto está presente no sistema iLPF. A concentração microbiana foi maior na primeira camada do solo, sendo Gram-negativas a fração majoritária. Os resultados destacam os benefícios dos sistemas agroflorestais para a agricultura sustentável.
Integrated production systems are promising alternatives for sustainable agriculture, allowing a positive interaction between animals and plants, which results in environmental benefits and economic viability. The objectives of this study were to investigate the contribution of organic and inorganic fertilizers to carbon sequestration, and the microbiological properties of the soil in two integrated agricultural production systems. The treatments included two conservation production systems: CropLivestock Integration (ICL) and Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ICLF) and interaction with three different fertilizers (liquid swine manure, poultry litter and inorganic) and control without fertilization. To verify the content of C and N input by the cultures, soil samples were collected in trenches and analyzed through the elementary analyzer, while the microbiology assay was performed by PLFA. Eucalyptus dendrometric variables were collected to estimate the C content. Greater efficiency in the C input in 2018 was found in the iLP system (2590 kg ha-1 ) over the ICLF (2030 kg ha-1 ) in the control treatment, and no other difference was found when comparing the production systems. In relation to fertilizers, the largest contributions of C and N in 2018 were observed in poultry litter and liquid swine manure, with efficiency of 56% for C in the ICL system and 59% in ICLF, and 60% for N in ICL and 62% in ICLF. However, in 2019 the inorganic fertilizer showed difference in ICL and poultry litter in ICLF (both with 27%efficiency) for both C and N. Considering the total soil profile among production systems, ICLF system showed 20.7% efficiency over ICL in relation to the C stock in the control treatment, and the N stock was more efficient over the ICL in poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers. When no fertilization was applied in the production systems, ICLF is superior to ICL for C input, however when fertilization is done with poultry litter and inorganic, the ICL system is superior to ICLF for N input. Inorganic or organic fertilizer increased C input only in the ICLF system, demonstrating that there is another C dynamic when eucalyptus is present in the ICLF system. The concentration of the microbial community was higher in the first soil layer, with Gramnegative micro-organisms as the major fraction. The results highlight the benefits of agroforestry systems for sustainable agriculture.
Integrated production systems are promising alternatives for sustainable agriculture, allowing a positive interaction between animals and plants, which results in environmental benefits and economic viability. The objectives of this study were to investigate the contribution of organic and inorganic fertilizers to carbon sequestration, and the microbiological properties of the soil in two integrated agricultural production systems. The treatments included two conservation production systems: CropLivestock Integration (ICL) and Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ICLF) and interaction with three different fertilizers (liquid swine manure, poultry litter and inorganic) and control without fertilization. To verify the content of C and N input by the cultures, soil samples were collected in trenches and analyzed through the elementary analyzer, while the microbiology assay was performed by PLFA. Eucalyptus dendrometric variables were collected to estimate the C content. Greater efficiency in the C input in 2018 was found in the iLP system (2590 kg ha-1 ) over the ICLF (2030 kg ha-1 ) in the control treatment, and no other difference was found when comparing the production systems. In relation to fertilizers, the largest contributions of C and N in 2018 were observed in poultry litter and liquid swine manure, with efficiency of 56% for C in the ICL system and 59% in ICLF, and 60% for N in ICL and 62% in ICLF. However, in 2019 the inorganic fertilizer showed difference in ICL and poultry litter in ICLF (both with 27%efficiency) for both C and N. Considering the total soil profile among production systems, ICLF system showed 20.7% efficiency over ICL in relation to the C stock in the control treatment, and the N stock was more efficient over the ICL in poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers. When no fertilization was applied in the production systems, ICLF is superior to ICL for C input, however when fertilization is done with poultry litter and inorganic, the ICL system is superior to ICLF for N input. Inorganic or organic fertilizer increased C input only in the ICLF system, demonstrating that there is another C dynamic when eucalyptus is present in the ICLF system. The concentration of the microbial community was higher in the first soil layer, with Gramnegative micro-organisms as the major fraction. The results highlight the benefits of agroforestry systems for sustainable agriculture.
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Palavras-chave
Carbono no solo, Integração lavoura-pecuária, Integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, Biomassa microbiana do solo, Soil carbon, Crop-livestock integration, Crop-livestock-forest integration, Soil microbial biomass