Produção de mudas por semente e estaquia em pitaya
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Data
2021-02-11
Autores
Santos, Tatiane Paes dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Haw.), é considerada uma cultura promissora para o cultivo, devido ao maior consumo de frutas exóticas, valor comercial e rusticidade. O estudo da produção de mudas é de fundamental importância quando se busca novas técnicas para o cultivo e produção de pitaya vermelha. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos na produção de mudas de pitaya por semente e estaquia, conforme diferentes épocas de coleta (verão e inverno) e concentrações de ácido giberélico, bem como o tempo de armazenamento de frutos, tendo em vista a qualidade fisiológica. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia, Tecnologia de Alimentos e Sócio-Economia, na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira –FEIS/UNESP. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos. Para o primeiro experimento, foram utilizados três tamanhos de estacas (cladódios) com 10, 20 e 40 centímetros de comprimento, coletados em épocas diferentes (verão e inverno). Das variáveis analisadas: comprimento das estacas (cm), massa fresca e seca (g), número de brotações e porcentagem de pegamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (tamanho de estaca x época de coleta), com 20 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas 60 dias após o estaqueamento, avaliando-se fatores biométricos relacionados às brotações e ao enraizamento dos cladódios. No segundo experimento, foram utilizadas sementes de frutos de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca em dois estádios de maturação (fisiologicamente maduros e conservados à 10°C em BOD por 3 meses), tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico: 0, 50, 100 e 500 mg L-1. As variáveis analisadas foram: primeira contagem de germinação/emergência, porcentagem de germinação/emergência, comprimento de plântulas e massa fresca e seca de plântulas e Índice de Velocidade de Germinação/Emergência. Nos dois experimentos, os dados foram submetidos ao teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. Com relação à propagação assexuada, pode-se concluir que, quando possível, a utilização de cladódios de pitaya vermelha de polpa branca (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) com 40 cm de comprimento, coletadas no período do inverno é recomendada. Quanto à propagação sexuada, sementes extraídas de frutos maduros de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca, quando semeadas nas condições do presente estudo, é necessário a utilização de GA3 para incrementar a emergência e o vigor das plântulas, com doses de, no mínimo, 150 mg L-1.
Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) is considered a promising crop for cultivation, due to the greater consumption of exotic fruits, commercial value and rusticity. The study of seedling production is of fundamental importance when looking for new techniques for the cultivation and production of red pitaya. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects on the production of pitaya seedlings by seed and cuttings, according to different collection times (summer and winter) and concentrations of gibberellic acid, as well as the storage time of fruits, considering the physiological quality . The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the Department of Phytotechnics, Food Technology and Socio-Economics, at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira –FEIS / UNESP. The work was divided into two experiments. For the first experiment, three sizes of cuttings (cladodes) with 10, 20 and 40 centimeters in length were used, collected at different times (summer and winter). Of the variables analyzed: cuttings length (cm), fresh and dry mass (g), number of shoots and percentage of setting. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x2 factorial scheme (cutting size x time of collection), with 20 replications. Evaluations were carried out 60 days after staking, evaluating biometric factors related to shoots and rooting of cladodes. In the second experiment, white pitaya red pitaya fruit seeds were used in two maturation stages (physiologically mature and stored at 10 ° C in BOD for 3 months), treated with different concentrations of gibberellic acid: 0, 50, 100 and 500 mg L-1. The variables analyzed were: first germination / emergence count, percentage of germination / emergence, seedling length and seedling fresh and dry mass and Germination / Emergence Speed Index. In both experiments, the data were submitted to the F test and the means compared by the Tukey test, both at 5% probability. With regard to asexual propagation, it can be concluded that, when possible, the use of 40 cm long red pitaya white pulpy cladodes (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) Collected during the winter is recommended. As for the sexual propagation, seeds extracted from ripe red pitaya fruits of the white pulp, when sown under the conditions of the present study, it is necessary to use GA3 to increase seedling emergence and vigor, with doses of at least 150 mg L-1.
Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) is considered a promising crop for cultivation, due to the greater consumption of exotic fruits, commercial value and rusticity. The study of seedling production is of fundamental importance when looking for new techniques for the cultivation and production of red pitaya. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects on the production of pitaya seedlings by seed and cuttings, according to different collection times (summer and winter) and concentrations of gibberellic acid, as well as the storage time of fruits, considering the physiological quality . The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the Department of Phytotechnics, Food Technology and Socio-Economics, at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira –FEIS / UNESP. The work was divided into two experiments. For the first experiment, three sizes of cuttings (cladodes) with 10, 20 and 40 centimeters in length were used, collected at different times (summer and winter). Of the variables analyzed: cuttings length (cm), fresh and dry mass (g), number of shoots and percentage of setting. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x2 factorial scheme (cutting size x time of collection), with 20 replications. Evaluations were carried out 60 days after staking, evaluating biometric factors related to shoots and rooting of cladodes. In the second experiment, white pitaya red pitaya fruit seeds were used in two maturation stages (physiologically mature and stored at 10 ° C in BOD for 3 months), treated with different concentrations of gibberellic acid: 0, 50, 100 and 500 mg L-1. The variables analyzed were: first germination / emergence count, percentage of germination / emergence, seedling length and seedling fresh and dry mass and Germination / Emergence Speed Index. In both experiments, the data were submitted to the F test and the means compared by the Tukey test, both at 5% probability. With regard to asexual propagation, it can be concluded that, when possible, the use of 40 cm long red pitaya white pulpy cladodes (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) Collected during the winter is recommended. As for the sexual propagation, seeds extracted from ripe red pitaya fruits of the white pulp, when sown under the conditions of the present study, it is necessary to use GA3 to increase seedling emergence and vigor, with doses of at least 150 mg L-1.
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Palavras-chave
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.), Propagação, Qualidade fisiológica de plântula, Propagation, Seedling physiological quality