Diâmetro sagital mínimo, razões intra e intervertebrais e ultrassonografia dos processos articulares cervicais em asininos e muares
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Data
2020-11-13
Autores
Ribeiro, Mário Aigner
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O diâmetro sagital mínimo e as razões intra e intervertebrais obtidos em exames radiográficos da coluna cervical são utilizados para diagnóstico em casos de ataxia em equinos. Infiltrações guiadas por ultrassonografia são utilizadas em cavalos com finalidade diagnóstica ou terapêutica. Diante dessas considerações, foram submetidos a exames radiográfico e ultrassonográfico 13 jumentos com peso médio de 133 (26) kg e idade média de 9,5 anos e 14 muares com peso médio de 393 (41) kg e idade média de 9,7 anos, todos sem raça definida. Ao exame radiográfico foram realizadas 3 projeções laterolaterais em cada animal (C1 a C3, C3 a C5 e C5 a C7). Em muares: 72kV e 2mA em C1 a C3; 72kV e 2,5mA em C3 a C5; 74kV e 2,8mA em C5 a C7; nos asininos: 68kV e 1,6mA de C1 a C3 e C3 a C5; 70kV e 1,7mA, de C5 a C7. O diâmetro sagital mínimo em cada espécie foi determinado pela média e desvio-padrão, sendo em muares: C2 = 2,84 (0,12) cm; C3 = 2,40 (0,11) cm; C4 = 2,36 (0,11) cm; C5 = 2,39 (0,10) cm; C6 = 2,52 (0,15) cm e C7 = 2,83 (0,16) cm. Em asininos: C2 = 2,17 (0,11) cm; C3 = 1,95 (0,10) cm; C4 = 1,90 (0,10) cm; C5 = 1,93 (0,14) cm; C6 = 2,09 (0,13) cm e C7 = 2,40 (0,32) cm. A comparação das respostas das mensurações das vértebras cervicais entre as duas espécies (asininos e muares) foi realizada por meio do teste paramétrico t de Student para amostras independentes. A medida de associação entre as razões intra e intervertebrais nas espécies foi determinada considerando o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson no nível de 5% de significância e as comparações das razões nas vértebras, entre as 3 espécies (equinos, asininos e muares) foi realizada a partir dos intervalos de 95% de confiança para as médias das espécies. Os resultados obtidos estabelecem valores normais para os diâmetros sagitais mínimos e razões intra e intervertebrais em asininos e muares. O exame ultrassonográfico utilizou transdutor multifrequencial de 3 a 11 Mhz e foi iniciado com uma varredura do aspecto dorsal de cada vértebra, seguindo-se avaliação da região cranial à porção caudal da vértebra, em direção aos processos articulares, longitudinalmente e em sentido caudal para localização da articulação. Variações na angulação do transdutor permitiram a localização exata dos processos articulares e da articulação correspondente, de C2-3 a C6-7, com a captação de imagens de referência, o que permite que essa técnica seja utilizada no exame dessa região. Estudos utilizando a técnica descrita para a realização de punção intra-articular guiada por ultrassom em jumentos e muares para fins terapêutico ou de diagnóstico são sugeridos.
The minimum sagittal diameter and the intra and intervertebral ratios obtained in radiographic examinations of the cervical spine are used for diagnosis in cases of ataxia in horses. Infiltrations guided by ultrasound are used in horses for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In view of these considerations, 13 donkeys with an average weight of 133 (26) kg and an average age of 9.5 years and 14 mules with an average weight of 393 (41) kg and an average age of 9.7 years underwent radiographic and ultrasound examinations, all mixed race. Radiographic examination was performed 3 laterolateral projections in each animal (C1 to C3, C3 to C5 and C5 to C7). In mules: 72kV and 2mA in C1 to C3; 72kV and 2,5mA in C3 to C5; 74kV and 2,8mA in C5 to C7; in donkeys: 68kV and 1,6mA from C1 to C3 and C3 to C5; 70kV and 1,7mA from C5 to C7. The data of minimum sagittal diameter in each species was determined by the mean and standard deviation, being in mules: C2 = 2,84 (0,12) cm; C3 = 2,40 (0,11) cm; C4 = 2,36 (0,11) cm; C5 = 2,39 (0,10) cm; C6 = 2,52 (0,15) cm and C7 = 2,83 (0,16) cm. In donkeys: C2 = 2,17 (0,11) cm; C3 = 1,95 (0,10) cm; C4 = 1,90 (0,10) cm; C5 = 1,93 (0,14) cm; C6 = 2,09 (0,13) cm and C7 = 2,40 (0,32) cm. The comparison of the responses of measurements of cervical vertebrae between the two species (donkeys and mules) was performed using the Student's t parametric test for independent samples. The measure of association between intra and intervertebral ratios in species was determined considering Pearson's linear correlation coefficient at the 5% level of significance and comparisons of ratios in vertebrae between the 3 species (equines, donkeys and mules) were performed from 95% confidence intervals for species means. The results obtained establish normal data for the minimum sagittal diameters and intra and intervertebral ratios in donkeys and mules. The ultrasound examination used a 3 to 11 Mhz multifrequency transducer and the scan protocol was performed starting on the dorsal aspect of each vertebra, followed by an assessment of the cranial region to the caudal portion of the vertebra, towards the joint processes, longitudinally and in the caudal direction for of the joint. Variations of the transducer angulation allowed the exact location of the joint processes and the corresponding joint, from C2-3 to C6-7, with the capture of reference images, which allows this technique to be used in the examination of this region. Studies using the technique described for performing intra-articular puncture guided by ultrasound in donkeys and mules for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes are suggested.
The minimum sagittal diameter and the intra and intervertebral ratios obtained in radiographic examinations of the cervical spine are used for diagnosis in cases of ataxia in horses. Infiltrations guided by ultrasound are used in horses for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In view of these considerations, 13 donkeys with an average weight of 133 (26) kg and an average age of 9.5 years and 14 mules with an average weight of 393 (41) kg and an average age of 9.7 years underwent radiographic and ultrasound examinations, all mixed race. Radiographic examination was performed 3 laterolateral projections in each animal (C1 to C3, C3 to C5 and C5 to C7). In mules: 72kV and 2mA in C1 to C3; 72kV and 2,5mA in C3 to C5; 74kV and 2,8mA in C5 to C7; in donkeys: 68kV and 1,6mA from C1 to C3 and C3 to C5; 70kV and 1,7mA from C5 to C7. The data of minimum sagittal diameter in each species was determined by the mean and standard deviation, being in mules: C2 = 2,84 (0,12) cm; C3 = 2,40 (0,11) cm; C4 = 2,36 (0,11) cm; C5 = 2,39 (0,10) cm; C6 = 2,52 (0,15) cm and C7 = 2,83 (0,16) cm. In donkeys: C2 = 2,17 (0,11) cm; C3 = 1,95 (0,10) cm; C4 = 1,90 (0,10) cm; C5 = 1,93 (0,14) cm; C6 = 2,09 (0,13) cm and C7 = 2,40 (0,32) cm. The comparison of the responses of measurements of cervical vertebrae between the two species (donkeys and mules) was performed using the Student's t parametric test for independent samples. The measure of association between intra and intervertebral ratios in species was determined considering Pearson's linear correlation coefficient at the 5% level of significance and comparisons of ratios in vertebrae between the 3 species (equines, donkeys and mules) were performed from 95% confidence intervals for species means. The results obtained establish normal data for the minimum sagittal diameters and intra and intervertebral ratios in donkeys and mules. The ultrasound examination used a 3 to 11 Mhz multifrequency transducer and the scan protocol was performed starting on the dorsal aspect of each vertebra, followed by an assessment of the cranial region to the caudal portion of the vertebra, towards the joint processes, longitudinally and in the caudal direction for of the joint. Variations of the transducer angulation allowed the exact location of the joint processes and the corresponding joint, from C2-3 to C6-7, with the capture of reference images, which allows this technique to be used in the examination of this region. Studies using the technique described for performing intra-articular puncture guided by ultrasound in donkeys and mules for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes are suggested.
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Palavras-chave
Equídeos, Vértebra cervical, Radiografia, Técnica ultrassonográfica, Cervical vertebra, Radiography, Ultrasonographic technique, Equidae