The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence
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Data
2013-03-01
Autores
Bellotte, José Antonio Miranda
Kupper, Katia Cristina
Rinaldo, Davi [UNESP]
Souza, Andressa de [UNESP]
Goes, Antonio de [UNESP]
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura
Resumo
No presente, foi avaliada a influência do amendoim-forrageiro cv. Amarillis e da gramínea coastcross nas entrelinhas de plantas de laranjeira 'Natal' quanto à produção e liberação de ascósporos de G. citricarpa, e consequente controle da mancha-preta dos frutos cítricos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 1- cultivo convencional, sem utilização de fungicidas; 2- cultivo convencional, com utilização de fungicidas; 3- gramínea coastcross, e 4- amendoim forrageiro entre as linhas das plantas. O monitoramento de ascósporos deu-se mediante armadilhas caça-esporos do tipo Quest Volumetric Spore System™. Um total de 33 inspeções foi realizado semanalmente, a partir do final de agosto até início de setembro do ano seguinte. A quantificação da doença deu-se mediante utilização de escala diagramática de notas, sendo também determinada a porcentagem de frutos com padrão comercial. A gramínea coastcross foi o melhor tratamento em reduzir o número de ascósporos liberados, diferindo, estatisticamente, do convencional, porém não dos demais tratamentos. Cultivo intercalar e cultivo convencional associado com aplicações de fungicida foram os mais eficientes quanto à redução da severidade de sintomas da mancha-preta, diferindo do tratamento- -testemunha, sem emprego de fungicida. Esses tratamentos foram os que também proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de frutos com padrão comercial, sendo de 89% a 91%, enquanto no cultivo convencional, sem uso de fungicidas, foi de 73%.
This study highlighted the effect of planting coast-cross grass and forage peanut cv. Amarilis between rows of Natal oranges on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and consequent citrus black spot control. Treatments evaluated were: 1- conventional cultivation, free of fungicides; 2- conventional cultivation, using protective fungicides; 3- inter-crop cultivation of coast-cross grass between rows of citrus crops and; 4- inter-cropping cultivation of forage peanut between the rows of citrus crops. Quest Volumetric Spore SystemTM traps were set in order to determine the number of ascospores released. A total of 33 inspections were conducted weekly, from the end of August until early September the following year. A diagrammatic scale was used to determine the severity of the disease as well as the percentage of fruits having a commercial standard. The coast-cross grass was more effective in reducing the number of ascospores produced, whose average statistics were lower than in the conventional treatments, free-fungicides. The inter-crop and conventional cultivation method coupled with fungicide treatment was more effective in reducing the severity of citrus black spot symptoms, and differs statistically from the fungicide-free control method. These methods also resulted in a higher percentage of fruits of a commercial standard, ranging from the 89% through the 91% percentile, and the cultivation, free of fungicides, fell within the 73%.
This study highlighted the effect of planting coast-cross grass and forage peanut cv. Amarilis between rows of Natal oranges on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and consequent citrus black spot control. Treatments evaluated were: 1- conventional cultivation, free of fungicides; 2- conventional cultivation, using protective fungicides; 3- inter-crop cultivation of coast-cross grass between rows of citrus crops and; 4- inter-cropping cultivation of forage peanut between the rows of citrus crops. Quest Volumetric Spore SystemTM traps were set in order to determine the number of ascospores released. A total of 33 inspections were conducted weekly, from the end of August until early September the following year. A diagrammatic scale was used to determine the severity of the disease as well as the percentage of fruits having a commercial standard. The coast-cross grass was more effective in reducing the number of ascospores produced, whose average statistics were lower than in the conventional treatments, free-fungicides. The inter-crop and conventional cultivation method coupled with fungicide treatment was more effective in reducing the severity of citrus black spot symptoms, and differs statistically from the fungicide-free control method. These methods also resulted in a higher percentage of fruits of a commercial standard, ranging from the 89% through the 91% percentile, and the cultivation, free of fungicides, fell within the 73%.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Citrus sinensis, cultural control, Phyllosticta citricarpa, Arachys pintoi, Cynodon dactylon, Citrus sinensis, Controle cultural, Phyllosticta citricarpa, Arachys pintoi, Cynodon dactylon
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 35, n. 1, p. 102-111, 2013.