Análise dos usuários de água outorgados e dos investimentos do fundo estadual de recursos hídricos (FEHIDRO) nas Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe (BH-AP)
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2021-01-19
Autores
Silva, Fernanda Buono da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A demanda crescente por recursos hídricos pode conduzir a conflitos entre diferentes usuários. Diante disso, foram implantados instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos, em especial a outorga e os Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica, a fim de priorizar usos múltiplos e racional da água. Foi criado também o Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (FEHIDRO) que financia projetos que trazem benefícios diretos para a qualidade da água na Bacia Hidrográfica. Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar as principais atividades outorgadas e os projetos financiados com o recurso FEHIDRO nas Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe (BH-AP). Inicialmente, foi elaborado um trabalho com o enfoque em descrever o cenário dos usos múltiplos da água em sistemas outorgados que estão inseridos na BH-AP e também foi realizada uma análise estatística de regressão múltipla para verificar a correlação entre variável dependente, número de outorgas, e as variáveis independentes Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita e população. Os dados referentes às características socioeconômicas: PIB per capita referem-se ao censo do ano de 2016 e população ao censo do ano de 2010, os quais foram obtidos pela base de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), já os dados de número de outorgas foram adquiridos pelo Departamento de Água e Energia Elétrica (DAEE). A importância de cada variável independente, “LOG_PIB” e “LOG_POP” sobre o modelo de número de outorgas foi determinada pelo método “Best Subsets Regression”. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a variável dependente, o número de outorgas, apresentou correlação positiva, significativa (p≤0,05) e crescente com as variáveis independentes “LOG_PIB” e LOG_POP”, nessa ordem. A equação de regressão LOG_OUT= -2,09 + 0,512 x LOG_POP + 0,229 x LOG_PIB (R²=0,70) é adequada para estimar os números de outorgas. Para verificar os projetos financiados pelo FEHIDRO foi realizada uma coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação do FEHIDRO referente aos empreendimentos encaminhados ao Comitê. Foi possível constatar que no período de 1996 a 2019, foram encaminhados 711 empreendimentos pelos segmentos dos municípios, sociedade civil e estado, sendo 635 contratados e 76 não contratados. Dos contratados, as principais áreas financiadas foram para a prevenção e defesa contra erosão do solo e assoreamento dos corpos d´água. O segmento Município foi o tomador que mais foi contemplado com os recursos somando 90,08%, seguido da Sociedade Civil com 6,15% e do Estado com 3,78%. Por fim, foi possível concluir que ainda há a necessidade de regularização dos usuários de recursos hídricos por meio da outorga e que os investimentos do recurso FEHIDRO na Bacia tendem a solucionar os problemas indicados pelo Comitê em seu Plano de Bacia, porém ainda é insuficiente o valor disponível para atender todas as demandas solicitadas.
The growing demand for water resources can lead to conflicts between different users. In view of this, water resources management instruments were implemented, in particular the grant and the Hydrographic Basin Plans, in order to prioritize multiple and rational use of water. The State Water Resources Fund (FEHIDRO) was also created to finance projects that bring direct benefits to water quality in the Hydrographic Basin. This paper aims to present the main activities granted and the projects financed with the FEHIDRO resource in the Hydrographic Basins of the Aguapeí and Peixe Rivers (BH-AP). Initially, a work was developed with the focus on describing the scenario of multiple uses of water in granted systems that are inserted in BH-AP and a multiple regression statistical analysis was also carried out to verify the correlation between dependent variable, number of grants, and the independent variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and population. The data referring to socioeconomic characteristics: GDP per capita refer to the census of the year 2016 and population to the census of the year 2010, which were obtained from the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), whereas the data number of grants were acquired by the Department of Water and Electricity (DAEE). The importance of each independent variable, "LOG_PIB" and LOG_POP "on the number of grants model was determined by the" Best Subsets Regression "method. The results obtained revealed that the dependent variable, the number of grants, presented a positive, significant (p≤0.05) and growing correlation with the independentvariables "LOG_PIB" and LOG_POP ", in that order. The regression equation LOG_OUT = - 2.09 + 0.512 x LOG_POP + 0.229 x LOG_PIB (R² = 0.70) are suitable for estimating the number of grants. In order to verify the projects financed by FEHIDRO, a data collection was carried out in the FEHIDRO Information System regarding the projects sent to the Committee. It was possible to verify that in the period from 1996 to 2019, 711 projects were sent by the segments of the municipalities, civil society and the state, with 635 contracted and 76 not contracted. Of the contractors, the main areas financed were for the prevention and defense against soil erosion and silting up of bodies of water. The Municipality segment was the policyholder that received the most funding, with 90.08%, followed by Civil Society with 6.15% and the State with 3.78%. Finally, it was possible to conclude that there is still a need to regularize users of water resources through the grant and that investments in the FEHIDRO resource in the Basin tend to solve the problems indicated by the Committee in its Basin Plan, but the amount available to meet all requests requested.
The growing demand for water resources can lead to conflicts between different users. In view of this, water resources management instruments were implemented, in particular the grant and the Hydrographic Basin Plans, in order to prioritize multiple and rational use of water. The State Water Resources Fund (FEHIDRO) was also created to finance projects that bring direct benefits to water quality in the Hydrographic Basin. This paper aims to present the main activities granted and the projects financed with the FEHIDRO resource in the Hydrographic Basins of the Aguapeí and Peixe Rivers (BH-AP). Initially, a work was developed with the focus on describing the scenario of multiple uses of water in granted systems that are inserted in BH-AP and a multiple regression statistical analysis was also carried out to verify the correlation between dependent variable, number of grants, and the independent variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and population. The data referring to socioeconomic characteristics: GDP per capita refer to the census of the year 2016 and population to the census of the year 2010, which were obtained from the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), whereas the data number of grants were acquired by the Department of Water and Electricity (DAEE). The importance of each independent variable, "LOG_PIB" and LOG_POP "on the number of grants model was determined by the" Best Subsets Regression "method. The results obtained revealed that the dependent variable, the number of grants, presented a positive, significant (p≤0.05) and growing correlation with the independentvariables "LOG_PIB" and LOG_POP ", in that order. The regression equation LOG_OUT = - 2.09 + 0.512 x LOG_POP + 0.229 x LOG_PIB (R² = 0.70) are suitable for estimating the number of grants. In order to verify the projects financed by FEHIDRO, a data collection was carried out in the FEHIDRO Information System regarding the projects sent to the Committee. It was possible to verify that in the period from 1996 to 2019, 711 projects were sent by the segments of the municipalities, civil society and the state, with 635 contracted and 76 not contracted. Of the contractors, the main areas financed were for the prevention and defense against soil erosion and silting up of bodies of water. The Municipality segment was the policyholder that received the most funding, with 90.08%, followed by Civil Society with 6.15% and the State with 3.78%. Finally, it was possible to conclude that there is still a need to regularize users of water resources through the grant and that investments in the FEHIDRO resource in the Basin tend to solve the problems indicated by the Committee in its Basin Plan, but the amount available to meet all requests requested.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Recurso Hídrico. Legislação. Unidade de Gerenciamento. Instrumento de Gestão. Regressão linear múltipla., Recurso Hídrico, Unidade de Gerenciamento, Instrumento de Gestão, Regressão Linear Múltipla., Water Resource