Efeito dos cultivos agrícolas na diversidade de ácaros predadores Mesostigmata e prospecção para uso no controle biológico
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Data
2021-02-26
Autores
Azevedo, Emiliano Brandão [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento da acarofauna edáfica no Brasil é incipiente, principalmente em áreas agricultáveis. Um dos grupos mais comuns de ácaros edáficos são os Mesostigmata, conhecidos pelo potencial como agentes de controle biológico de pragas. Sendo assim, objetiva-se com esse estudo determinar e comparar os grupos de Mesostigmata edáficos encontrados em cultivos agrícolas, com diferentes tipos de solo e manejo, e também em área natural, no bioma Mata Atlântica, em São Paulo, incluindo ainda a descrição de duas novas espécies de Neogamasellevans e testes do potencial de predação com espécies de Gamasina sobre tripes e fitonematoide. Para isso foram selecionadas cinco áreas de coletas na Fazenda Experimental da FCAV/UNESP, quatro delas com cultivos agrícolas, milho (A e B) e soja (A e B), cada uma representado um solo com características diferentes, e uma área de vegetação natural de Mata Atlântica. A maior abundância de Gamasina foi encontrada na vegetação natural. O maior pico populacional de ácaros Gamasina ocorreu em dezembro de 2017. A família mais abundante foi Ologamasidae, seguido por Laelapidae e Rhodacaridae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Gamasiphis sp. 1, Gaeolaelaps sp. 1 e Afrodacarellus citri. Ao compararmos as espécies encontradas nos ambientes de coleta, uma análise molecular foi realizada com primers ribossomais, nucleares e mitocondriais. Os resutados mostraram que as espécies encontradas foram agrupadas nas respectivas superfamílias em que já são agrupadas devido as características morfológicas. Além disso, nos ambientes de coletas duas novas espécies de Neogamasellevans foram descobertas e descritas. O teste de predação mostrou um consumo maior de Stratiolaelaps scimitus sob tripes comparado aos outros predadores, enquanto para o fitonematoide, Protogamasellopsis zaheri mostrou maior oviposição e sobrevivência.
The knowledge of the edaphic mite fauna in Brazil is incipient, mainly in arable areas. One of the most common groups of edaphic mites are Mesostigmata, known for their potential as biological pest control agents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine and compare the edaphic Mesostigmata groups found in agricultural crops, with different types of soil and management, and also in natural areas, in the Atlantic Forest biome, in São Paulo, including the description of two new species of Neogamasellevans and predation tests with species of Gamasina against thrips and nematodes. For this purpose, five collection areas were selected at the FCAV / UNESP Experimental Farm, four of them with agricultural crops, corn (A and B) and soybeans (A and B), each represented a soil with different characteristics, and an area of vegetation. Atlantic Forest. The highest abundance of mites and Gamasina were found in natural vegetation and soybean crops A. The largest population peak of mites and Gamasina occurred in December 2017. The most abundant family was Ologamasidae, followed by Laelapidae and Rhodacaridae. The most abundant species were Gamasiphis sp. 1, Gaeolaelaps sp. 1 and Afrodacarellus citri. When comparing the species found in the collection environments, a molecular analysis was performed with ribosomal, nuclear and mitochondrial primers. The results showed that the species found were grouped in the respective superfamilies. In addition, in the collection environments two new species of Neogamasellevans were discovered and described. The predation test showed a higher consumption of Stratiolaelaps scimitus under Caliothripes phaseoli and Tyrophagus putrescentiae compared to other predators. Protogamasellopsis zaheri showed greater oviposition and surviva
The knowledge of the edaphic mite fauna in Brazil is incipient, mainly in arable areas. One of the most common groups of edaphic mites are Mesostigmata, known for their potential as biological pest control agents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine and compare the edaphic Mesostigmata groups found in agricultural crops, with different types of soil and management, and also in natural areas, in the Atlantic Forest biome, in São Paulo, including the description of two new species of Neogamasellevans and predation tests with species of Gamasina against thrips and nematodes. For this purpose, five collection areas were selected at the FCAV / UNESP Experimental Farm, four of them with agricultural crops, corn (A and B) and soybeans (A and B), each represented a soil with different characteristics, and an area of vegetation. Atlantic Forest. The highest abundance of mites and Gamasina were found in natural vegetation and soybean crops A. The largest population peak of mites and Gamasina occurred in December 2017. The most abundant family was Ologamasidae, followed by Laelapidae and Rhodacaridae. The most abundant species were Gamasiphis sp. 1, Gaeolaelaps sp. 1 and Afrodacarellus citri. When comparing the species found in the collection environments, a molecular analysis was performed with ribosomal, nuclear and mitochondrial primers. The results showed that the species found were grouped in the respective superfamilies. In addition, in the collection environments two new species of Neogamasellevans were discovered and described. The predation test showed a higher consumption of Stratiolaelaps scimitus under Caliothripes phaseoli and Tyrophagus putrescentiae compared to other predators. Protogamasellopsis zaheri showed greater oviposition and surviva
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Palavras-chave
Diversidade, Mesostigmata edáficos, Taxonomia, Potencial biológico