Avaliação do solo de áreas mineradas em recuperação dentro do bioma amazônico por meio da relação entre morfometria de agregados do solo e teor de glomalina
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Data
2021-03-18
Autores
Carvalho, Marcela Merides [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A indústria mineradora tem uma forte influência na economia brasileira, no entanto, para acessar as reservas de minério é necessário realizar a remoção da cobertura vegetal e camada superficial do solo resultando em múltiplos danos ambientais. Portanto, programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas tornam-se essenciais a fim de mitigar ou compensar os impactos negativos. Estudos realizados em áreas mineradas em recuperação em ecossistemas brasileiros demonstram que a avaliação das propriedades físicas e químicas associadas à atividade biológica são fundamentais no entendimento da real condição do solo, e deve levar em consideração que o ambiente é dinâmico e complexo com características diversificadas. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver e testar uma nova abordagem para avaliação da agregação do solo e quantificação do teor de glomalina, como indicador de qualidade do solo em recuperação na Amazônia Brasileira. Nesse contexto, avaliaram-se seis minas desativadas em diferentes estágios de revegetação, sendo uma em condição recém-minerada, três em processo intermediário, duas em processo avançado e a florestal natural. Para esses tratamentos, os resultados obtidos apresentaram uma correlação positiva entre textura argilosa, diâmetro médio geométrico, circularidade, diâmetro de Feret dos agregados do solo e teor de glomalina (facilmente extraível e total), permitindo identificar diferentes níveis de resposta ambiental e grau de desenvolvimento nessas áreas mineradas em recuperação. A proteína do solo relacionada à glomalina aumentou nas áreas com estágios mais avançados de recuperação, mostrando-se, sensíveis às mudanças ambientais do solo. As características morfométricas possibilitaram analisar a qualidade do solo em relação à agregação, além de explicar melhorias na estabilidade estrutural. A caracterização da variabilidade morfométrica dos agregados mostrou-se como potencial ferramenta de gestão ambiental, visando à melhoria da condição da agregação em solos degradados. Desta Forma, é possível confirmar a aplicabilidade dos indicadores em relação à qualidade da agregação de solo minerado em processo de recuperação, pois essa abordagem metodológica integra um conjunto de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos que fornecem uma síntese das condições ambientais bióticas e abióticas, contribuindo para o entendimento da situação real e as possibilidades de ações mitigadoras dos impactos no solo degradado. Considerando que nas florestas tropicais brasileiras concentra-se uma das maiores reservas minerais do mundo e a escassez de pesquisas relacionadas a esse assunto, a presente pesquisa busca avançar em um campo pouco explorado pela comunidade científica, tanto nacional como internacional, apresentando o estudo da agregação por meio da relação entre morfometria e a glomalina como potencial indicador da condição do solo para avaliar e monitorar áreas degradadas.
The mining industry has a strong influence on the Brazilian economy, however, to access the ore reserves it is necessary to remove the vegetation cover and topsoil resulting in multiple environmental damages. Therefore, programs to recover degraded areas are essential in order to mitigate or compensate for negative impacts. Studies carried out in recovered mined areas in Brazilian ecosystems demonstrate that the assessment of physical and chemical properties associated with biological activity are fundamental in understanding the real condition of the soil, and must take into account that the environment is dynamic and complex with diverse characteristics. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and test a new approach for assessing soil aggregation and quantifying glomalin content, as an indicator of soil quality in recovery in the Brazilian Amazon. In this context, six deactivated mines at different stages of revegetation were evaluated, one in newly mined condition, three in an intermediate process, two in an advanced process and the natural forest. For these treatments, the results obtained showed a positive correlation between clay texture, geometric mean diameter, circularity, Feret diameter of soil aggregates and glomalin content (easily extractable and total), allowing to identify different levels of environmental response and degree of development in these recovered mined areas. Soil protein related to glomalin increased in areas with more advanced stages of recovery, proving to be sensitive to environmental changes in the soil. The morphometric characteristics made it possible to analyze the soil quality in relation to aggregation, in addition to explaining improvements in structural stability. The characterization of the morphometric variability of the aggregates proved to be a potential environmental management tool, aiming at improving the condition of aggregation in degraded soils. In this way, it is possible to confirm the applicability of the indicators in relation to the quality of the aggregation of mined soil in the recovery process, as this methodological approach integrates a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators that provide a synthesis of the biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, contributing to the understanding of the real situation and the possibilities of actions to mitigate impacts on degraded soil. Considering that one of the largest mineral reserves in the world is concentrated in the Brazilian tropical forests and the scarcity of research related to this subject, the present research seeks to advance in a field little explored by the scientific community, both nationally and internationally, presenting the study of aggregation through the relationship between morphometry and glomalin as a potential indicator of soil condition to assess and monitor degraded areas.
The mining industry has a strong influence on the Brazilian economy, however, to access the ore reserves it is necessary to remove the vegetation cover and topsoil resulting in multiple environmental damages. Therefore, programs to recover degraded areas are essential in order to mitigate or compensate for negative impacts. Studies carried out in recovered mined areas in Brazilian ecosystems demonstrate that the assessment of physical and chemical properties associated with biological activity are fundamental in understanding the real condition of the soil, and must take into account that the environment is dynamic and complex with diverse characteristics. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and test a new approach for assessing soil aggregation and quantifying glomalin content, as an indicator of soil quality in recovery in the Brazilian Amazon. In this context, six deactivated mines at different stages of revegetation were evaluated, one in newly mined condition, three in an intermediate process, two in an advanced process and the natural forest. For these treatments, the results obtained showed a positive correlation between clay texture, geometric mean diameter, circularity, Feret diameter of soil aggregates and glomalin content (easily extractable and total), allowing to identify different levels of environmental response and degree of development in these recovered mined areas. Soil protein related to glomalin increased in areas with more advanced stages of recovery, proving to be sensitive to environmental changes in the soil. The morphometric characteristics made it possible to analyze the soil quality in relation to aggregation, in addition to explaining improvements in structural stability. The characterization of the morphometric variability of the aggregates proved to be a potential environmental management tool, aiming at improving the condition of aggregation in degraded soils. In this way, it is possible to confirm the applicability of the indicators in relation to the quality of the aggregation of mined soil in the recovery process, as this methodological approach integrates a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators that provide a synthesis of the biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, contributing to the understanding of the real situation and the possibilities of actions to mitigate impacts on degraded soil. Considering that one of the largest mineral reserves in the world is concentrated in the Brazilian tropical forests and the scarcity of research related to this subject, the present research seeks to advance in a field little explored by the scientific community, both nationally and internationally, presenting the study of aggregation through the relationship between morphometry and glomalin as a potential indicator of soil condition to assess and monitor degraded areas.
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Palavras-chave
Indicadores Ambientais, Qualidade Solo, Restauração Ecológica, Amazônia