Sentidos de solidariedade em psicodinâmica do trabalho: uma pesquisa conceitual
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2021-03-05
Autores
Silva, Karen Silvia Salles
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tendo como tema central a solidariedade em estudos desenvolvidos sob o referencial da psicodinâmica do trabalho, esta tese resulta de uma pesquisa conceitual, cujo objetivo foi analisar o(s) sentido(s) inerente(s) ao(s) conceito(s) de solidariedade presente(s) em algumas obras de Christophe Dejours, por meio da leitura e interpretação de seus conteúdos. Para tanto, foram eleitas como fontes de pesquisa quatro obras publicadas no período que é considerado como a quarta fase da trajetória da psicodinâmica do trabalho. As obras eleitas foram: A banalização da injustiça social, Avaliação do trabalho submetida à prova do real, a coleção Trabalho vivo (composta por Tomo I – Sexualidade e Trabalho e Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação) e os três capítulos de autoria de Dejours publicados no livro Psicodinâmica do trabalho: casos clínicos. Tendo em vista ser polissêmico o conceito de solidariedade, foi realizada uma investigação a partir da historiografia científica que indicou haver dois sentidos hegemônicos na contemporaneidade, construídos ao longo da história: o de coesão/união e o de caridade/benevolência. Considerando inicialmente como termo de busca a palavra “solidariedade”, foram encontrados e considerados também como resultados válidos os termos “solidariedades” e “solidarização”, os quais foram analisados em duas etapas. A primeira, exploratória e descritiva, enfocou características como incidência, autores citados como referência e contextos em que os termos foram abordados. Quanto à incidência, foi possível identificar que embora tenham sido encontrados em todas as obras, os termos foram mais mencionados naquelas em que o autor enfatiza a dimensão social do trabalho, que são: A banalização da injustiça social e o Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação da coleção Trabalho Vivo. Quanto aos autores citados como referências, destacaram-se Nicolas Dodier, por ter descrito o conceito de solidariedade técnica; e, Hannah Arendt, por ter discutido o conceito de desolação. Ainda, quanto aos contextos, a solidariedade foi abordada tanto em âmbito macro quanto microssocial. A segunda etapa de análise, interpretativa e compreensiva, foi norteada pelo objetivo supracitado desta pesquisa pautada pela Análise de Núcleo de Sentidos (ANS), considerando como categorias pré-definidas os sentidos de coesão/união e o de caridade/benevolência pertinentes ao conceito de solidariedade. Para tanto, foram identificados alguns termos usados como sinônimos na literatura geral, que foram considerados como indicadores de sentidos nos textos dejourianos, além da interpretação e compreensão do conteúdo em que os achados de pesquisa estão inseridos. Esta análise mostrou que, apesar do uso dos dois sentidos, há o predomínio do sentido de coesão/união. Ademais, mostrou que o autor ressalta o caráter paradoxal do sentido de coesão/união, da mesma forma como assinalam autores tomados como referência na literatura geral. Ou seja, a solidariedade no trabalho, quando expressa como coesão, pode ser colocada a serviço do bem, fortalecendo os vínculos e contribuindo para atividades deôntica que, de forma democrática, visam a emancipação dos trabalhadores; mas, pode também ser colocada a serviço do mal, promovendo a exclusão ou o abandono de alguns, o que pode propiciar sofrimento e adoecimento mental.
Having solidarity in studies developed under the psychodynamics of work framework as its central theme, this thesis results from a conceptual research, whose aim was to analyze the meaning(s) inherent in the concept(s) of solidarity present in some works by Christophe Dejours, through the reading and interpretation of its contents. To this end four works published by the author in the fourth phase of his publications, also known as Phase 4 in the trajectory of the psychodynamics of work, were selected as research sources. The elected works were as follows: A banalização da injustiça social, composed of Tomo I – Sexualidade e Trabalho and Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação) [The banalization of social injustice, composed of Tome I - Sexuality and Work and Tome II - Work and Emancipation], Avaliação do trabalho submetida à prova do real [Evaluation of work submitted to the proof of the real], Trabalho vivo [Living work] and three chapters written by Dejours published on Psicodinâmica do trabalho: casos clínicos [Psychodynamics of work: clinical cases]. Since the concept of solidarity is polysemic, an investigation based on the scientific historiography about this concept was carried out and indicated the existence of two meanings present in contemporary times, developed throughout history: charity/benevolence and cohesion/unity. Initially using the word solidariedade [solidarity] as a search term, the terms solidariedades [solidarities] and solidarização [the act of solidarizing] were found and considered as valid results, which were analyzed in two stages. The first, exploratory and descriptive, focused on characteristics such as incidence, authors cited as reference and contexts in which the terms were addressed. About its incidence, it was possible to identify that although they were found in all works, the terms were more mentioned in those in which the author emphasizes the social dimension of work, which are: A banalização da injustiça social [The banalization of social injustice] and the Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação [Tome II - Work and Emancipation] of the collection Trabalho Vivo [Living work]. As for the authors cited as references, Nicolas Dodier stood out for having described the concept of technical solidarity, while Hannah Arendt did so for having discussed the concept of desolation. Still in terms of contexts, solidarity was addressed both at the macro and micro-social levels. The second stage of analysis, interpretive and comprehensive, was guided by the aforementioned aim of this research, which is based on the Nucleus of Meaning analysis, considering as pre-defined categories the meanings of cohesion/unity and that of charity/benevolence pertinent to the concept of solidarity. For that, some terms used as synonyms were identified in the general literature, considered as indicators of meanings in Dejourian texts, in addition to the interpretation and understanding of the content in which the research findings are inserted. This analysis showed that, despite the use of both meanings, there is a predominance of that of cohesion/unity. Furthermore, it showed that the author emphasizes the paradoxical character of the meaning of cohesion/unity in the same way as indicated by authors taken as a reference in the general literature. In other words, solidarity at work, when expressed as cohesion, can be used for the good of all, strengthening bonds and contributing to deontic activities that, democratically, aim at the emancipation of workers; but it can also be used for evil, promoting the exclusion or abandonment of some, which can lead to suffering and mental illness.
Having solidarity in studies developed under the psychodynamics of work framework as its central theme, this thesis results from a conceptual research, whose aim was to analyze the meaning(s) inherent in the concept(s) of solidarity present in some works by Christophe Dejours, through the reading and interpretation of its contents. To this end four works published by the author in the fourth phase of his publications, also known as Phase 4 in the trajectory of the psychodynamics of work, were selected as research sources. The elected works were as follows: A banalização da injustiça social, composed of Tomo I – Sexualidade e Trabalho and Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação) [The banalization of social injustice, composed of Tome I - Sexuality and Work and Tome II - Work and Emancipation], Avaliação do trabalho submetida à prova do real [Evaluation of work submitted to the proof of the real], Trabalho vivo [Living work] and three chapters written by Dejours published on Psicodinâmica do trabalho: casos clínicos [Psychodynamics of work: clinical cases]. Since the concept of solidarity is polysemic, an investigation based on the scientific historiography about this concept was carried out and indicated the existence of two meanings present in contemporary times, developed throughout history: charity/benevolence and cohesion/unity. Initially using the word solidariedade [solidarity] as a search term, the terms solidariedades [solidarities] and solidarização [the act of solidarizing] were found and considered as valid results, which were analyzed in two stages. The first, exploratory and descriptive, focused on characteristics such as incidence, authors cited as reference and contexts in which the terms were addressed. About its incidence, it was possible to identify that although they were found in all works, the terms were more mentioned in those in which the author emphasizes the social dimension of work, which are: A banalização da injustiça social [The banalization of social injustice] and the Tomo II – Trabalho e Emancipação [Tome II - Work and Emancipation] of the collection Trabalho Vivo [Living work]. As for the authors cited as references, Nicolas Dodier stood out for having described the concept of technical solidarity, while Hannah Arendt did so for having discussed the concept of desolation. Still in terms of contexts, solidarity was addressed both at the macro and micro-social levels. The second stage of analysis, interpretive and comprehensive, was guided by the aforementioned aim of this research, which is based on the Nucleus of Meaning analysis, considering as pre-defined categories the meanings of cohesion/unity and that of charity/benevolence pertinent to the concept of solidarity. For that, some terms used as synonyms were identified in the general literature, considered as indicators of meanings in Dejourian texts, in addition to the interpretation and understanding of the content in which the research findings are inserted. This analysis showed that, despite the use of both meanings, there is a predominance of that of cohesion/unity. Furthermore, it showed that the author emphasizes the paradoxical character of the meaning of cohesion/unity in the same way as indicated by authors taken as a reference in the general literature. In other words, solidarity at work, when expressed as cohesion, can be used for the good of all, strengthening bonds and contributing to deontic activities that, democratically, aim at the emancipation of workers; but it can also be used for evil, promoting the exclusion or abandonment of some, which can lead to suffering and mental illness.
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Palavras-chave
Solidariedade, Trabalho, Psicodinâmica do trabalho, Pesquisa conceitual