Estratégias de enfrentamento de mães de crianças com doenças crônicas durante internação
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Data
2021-02-23
Autores
Prata, Isabel De Martino
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Situações estressoras são demandas, internas ou externas, percebidas pelo indivíduo como fonte de sobrecarrega a seus recursos sociais e pessoais. Entre as situações estressoras reconhecidamente impactantes na literatura, destacam-se o adoecimento e a hospitalização de um(a) filho(a) com doença crônica. Considerando que a mãe costuma ser a principal cuidadora, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e psicossociais e estratégias de enfrentamento materna durante a hospitalização do(a) filho(a) com doença crônica. Trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 37 mães de crianças com doenças crônicas, internadas na Enfermaria de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, maiores de 18 anos. As mães responderam a um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e ao Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 2.0) e foram consultados os prontuários das crianças para complementar dados clínicos. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico da Teoria Motivacional do Coping (TMC) para a avaliação do enfrentamento materno. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das mães apresentaram estratégias de enfrentamento consideradas adaptativas, tendo avaliado a situação de adoecimento e hospitalização da criança como um desafio às suas necessidades psicológicas básicas. As mães relataram utilizar especialmente estratégias de busca de suporte e autoconfiança, referentes à necessidade psicológica básica de relacionamento, e acomodação, referente à necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia. Essas mães, quando comparadas àquelas que relataram estratégias menos adaptativas, referiram mais a religião como fonte de apoio, bem como outras fontes de apoio social, além do núcleo familiar. As mães participantes do presente estudo apresentaram algum grau de risco psicossocial, embora não tenha sido identificada associação entre o risco psicossocial e o enfrentamento. Portanto, as mães participantes apresentavam recursos adaptativos diante da hospitalização da criança com doença crônica, sendo o apoio social uma importante variável nesse processo. Os resultados obtidos permitem maior compreensão do objeto de estudo, demonstrando a importância das variáveis contextuais, colaborando para o planejamento de ações com foco na atenção integral aos familiares e pacientes hospitalizados.
Stressful situations are demands, internal or external, perceived by an individual as overloading or exceeding his/her social and personal resources. Among the stressful situations known in the literature and with considerable impact, chronic illness child hospitalized stands out. Considering the potentially stressful scenario of chronic illness child hospitalized and considering the mother as the main caregiver, this study aims to verify associations between maternal coping of hospitalized children with chronic disease, socio-demographic data and psychosocial risk. This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample included 37 mothers of hospitalized children with chronic disease at a Medical School Hospital. Only mothers above 18 years old who had agreed to participate by written inform consent were included. Data were obtained from the medical records, by application of a semi-structured interview written exclusively for this study and Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 2.0). The theoretical approach used was the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC). Results indicated that mothers used coping strategies considered adaptive, evaluating the child's illness and hospitalization situation as a challenge to their basic needs. Mothers reported the coping strategies “support seeking” and “self-confidence”, associated to the basic psychological need of relationship and accommodation, associated to basic psychological need of autonomy. Those mothers, when compared to the ones who reported less adaptative strategies, reported religion as a support source, as well as other sources of social support, beyond the nuclear family. The mothers have some level of psychosocial risk, although an association between psychosocial risk and coping has not been identified. Social support was seen an important variable to mothers with children with chronic disease. The results demonstrate how important is the contextual variables and the comprehensive care for family members and for hospitalized patients.
Stressful situations are demands, internal or external, perceived by an individual as overloading or exceeding his/her social and personal resources. Among the stressful situations known in the literature and with considerable impact, chronic illness child hospitalized stands out. Considering the potentially stressful scenario of chronic illness child hospitalized and considering the mother as the main caregiver, this study aims to verify associations between maternal coping of hospitalized children with chronic disease, socio-demographic data and psychosocial risk. This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample included 37 mothers of hospitalized children with chronic disease at a Medical School Hospital. Only mothers above 18 years old who had agreed to participate by written inform consent were included. Data were obtained from the medical records, by application of a semi-structured interview written exclusively for this study and Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 2.0). The theoretical approach used was the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC). Results indicated that mothers used coping strategies considered adaptive, evaluating the child's illness and hospitalization situation as a challenge to their basic needs. Mothers reported the coping strategies “support seeking” and “self-confidence”, associated to the basic psychological need of relationship and accommodation, associated to basic psychological need of autonomy. Those mothers, when compared to the ones who reported less adaptative strategies, reported religion as a support source, as well as other sources of social support, beyond the nuclear family. The mothers have some level of psychosocial risk, although an association between psychosocial risk and coping has not been identified. Social support was seen an important variable to mothers with children with chronic disease. The results demonstrate how important is the contextual variables and the comprehensive care for family members and for hospitalized patients.
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Palavras-chave
Adaptação psicológica, Mães, Doença crônica, Hospitalização infantil, Coping, Mothers, Chronic disease, Child hospitalization