Intersecções entre gênero e pobreza no contexto da atenção primária em saúde
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Data
2021-06-09
Autores
Mamedes, Wellington Severino Alves
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero e a pobreza são duas construções sociais com expressões interseccionais, que causam grande impacto nas condições de vida das mulheres beneficiadas pelo Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Tais fenômenos significam um grande desafio para a saúde coletiva, tanto no seu atendimento, quanto em torná-los melhores compreendidos. Objetivou-se, portanto, apreender as percepções dos profissionais das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) sobre a intersecção entre gênero e pobreza no atendimento das mulheres beneficiadas pelo PBF. Os estudos foram apresentados na forma de dois artigos. Um artigo consiste em revisão bibliográfica (artigo 1), por meio das bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo; e o outro foi realizado em quatro USF de diferentes regiões de um município do interior de São Paulo, escolhidas entre aquelas com maior número de beneficiários do PBF no primeiro semestre de 2019 (artigo 2). O primeiro artigo abarcou um corpus de análise de 40 artigos, e o segundo abordou grupo focal e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com profissionais de nível Médio e Superior, e os dados obtidos foram tratados pela Análise de Conteúdo (Temática), proposta por Bardin. As análises dos dados foram referenciadas no arcabouço teórico do gênero dado por Joan Scott e no referencial da interseccionalidade a partir da Kirbelé Crenshaw e dos estudos de “gênero e saúde” na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os resultados gerais apontaram que o os serviços de saúde (re) produzem a lógica de gênero pela valorização de estereótipos de gênero; soma-se a isso a visão preconceituosa dos profissionais sobre a mulheres pobres e beneficiárias do PBF.
Gender and poverty are both social constructions with intersectional expressions that cause great impact on the living conditions of women benefited by the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). Such phenomena mean a major challenge for collective health, both in their service as long as in making them better understood. Therefore, it aimed to capture the perceptions of professionals from Family Health Units (FHU) about the intersection between gender and poverty in the care of women benefited by the PBF. The studies were presented as two articles. One of the articles consists from a bibliographic review (article 1), using the Lilacs and Scielo databases; and the other one was carried out in four FHUs from different regions from an inland city of São Paulo , chosen from those with the highest number of BFP beneficiaries in the first half of 2019 (article 2). The first article covered an analysis corpus of 40 articles, and the second approached focus group and semi-structured interviews applyed with professionals from Middle and Higher levels, and the obtained data were treated by Content Analysis (Thematic), proposed by Bardin. The data analyzes were referenced in the theoretical framework of gender given by Joan Scott, the intersectionality referential from Kirbelé Crenshaw and from the studies of “gender and health” in Primary Health Care. The general results showed that health services (re) produce the logic of gender through gender stereotypes valorization; added to this the professionals prejudiced view about poor women and beneficiaries of the BFP.
Gender and poverty are both social constructions with intersectional expressions that cause great impact on the living conditions of women benefited by the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). Such phenomena mean a major challenge for collective health, both in their service as long as in making them better understood. Therefore, it aimed to capture the perceptions of professionals from Family Health Units (FHU) about the intersection between gender and poverty in the care of women benefited by the PBF. The studies were presented as two articles. One of the articles consists from a bibliographic review (article 1), using the Lilacs and Scielo databases; and the other one was carried out in four FHUs from different regions from an inland city of São Paulo , chosen from those with the highest number of BFP beneficiaries in the first half of 2019 (article 2). The first article covered an analysis corpus of 40 articles, and the second approached focus group and semi-structured interviews applyed with professionals from Middle and Higher levels, and the obtained data were treated by Content Analysis (Thematic), proposed by Bardin. The data analyzes were referenced in the theoretical framework of gender given by Joan Scott, the intersectionality referential from Kirbelé Crenshaw and from the studies of “gender and health” in Primary Health Care. The general results showed that health services (re) produce the logic of gender through gender stereotypes valorization; added to this the professionals prejudiced view about poor women and beneficiaries of the BFP.
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Atenção primária à saúde, Profissional da saúde, Programas governamentais, Gênero e saúde, Interseccionalidade, Primary health care, Health professional, Government programs, Gender and health, Intersectionality