A sexualidade na experiência de pessoas gordas: Análise qualitativa sobre relatos de universitários (as)
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Data
2021-05-27
Autores
Costa, Tamires Giorgetti
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O corpo é uma construção social e nele se operam relações de poder que visam o controle e a disciplina. Pessoas gordas são estigmatizadas e estão expostas a situações de discriminação e preconceito na sociedade contemporânea e podem ter dificuldades emocionais e sociais na vivência da sexualidade. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, tipo descritiva-exploratória, teve como objetivo geral investigar, a partir de relatos de jovens que foram considerados(as) gordos(as) na adolescência, os aspectos da sua sexualidade no desenvolvimento humano, sobretudo, a relação entre perceber-se e ser percebido como uma pessoa gorda e os relacionamentos sociais, afetivos e sexuais vivenciados. Participaram 10 jovens de uma entrevista com questões abertas. Os relatos foram gravados e transcritos na íntegra, para posterior análise de conteúdo. Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias temáticas a partir de seis eixos (1) Fatores que contribuíram para percepção pessoal de ser gordo(a) na adolescência; (2) Processo de Emagrecimento: motivações, procedimentos e consequências; (3) Sentimentos e atitudes de auto cuidado em relação ao próprio corpo gordo; (4) Percepção sobre situações de preconceito social relacionados à vivência do corpo gordo: gordofobia; (5) Experiências sexuais de pessoas gordas e (6) Enfrentamento diante das dificuldades em ser um(a) adolescente gordo(a). Situações de preconceito explícitas e veladas foram percebidas em diferentes contextos, o corpo gordo na adolescência foi lembrado como alvo de discriminação e piada e também como sinônimo de doença e patologia. Como consequências dessas experiências, podemos citar: dificuldades nas relações interpessoais, baixa autoestima, sentimentos de vergonha e insegurança com o próprio corpo, sentimentos de não merecimento de afeto ou sexo; bloqueio nos relacionamentos afetivos e a necessidade de transformação para ser aceito (emagrecimento). A relação entre sexualidade e o corpo gordo indicada pelos(as) participantes apareceu nos relatos de tratamentos diferenciados recebidos pelos(as) parceiros(as), sentimentos negativos causados pela evitação, estigma da assexualidade, a fetichização e a solidão da mulher gorda, “ocultação” das relações afetivas, falta ou limitação de opções na escolha de parceiros(as). Além disso, diferenças de gêneros foram ressaltadas, quando a gordura tornava homens másculos, viris ou afeminados, e masculinizava ou objetificava as mulheres. Os dados reiteram a ideia de que a estigmatização da pessoa gorda é um fenômeno social que tem raízes em conceitos de normalidade e em saúde e isso influencia o modo como as pessoas tratam e como se constrói a subjetividade dessas pessoas. Os relatos também desvelam a vulnerabilidade aliada ao corpo gordo, quando se consideram as interseccionalidades, tais como: regionalidade, classe, orientação sexual, identidade de gênero etc. nas vivências diversas e plurais. Poucos estudos abordam as dificuldades vivenciadas por adolescentes gordos(as) ao longo do desenvolvimento humano e suas implicações para a sexualidade e, por isso, acreditamos que outros estudos devem ampliar esta discussão além de incluir esses dados e outros em propostas práticas de educação sexual que possam minimizar situações de exclusão e discriminação.
The body is a social construction and power relations operate within it that intended at control and discipline. Fat people are stigmatized and exposed to situations of discrimination and prejudice in contemporary society and may have emotional and social difficulties in the experience sexuality. This qualitative research, descriptive-exploratory type, had the general objective of investigating, from reports of young people who were considered fat in adolescence, aspects of their sexuality in human development, especially, the relation between perceiving oneself and being perceived as a fat person and the social, affective and sexual relationships experienced. 10 young people participated in an interview with open questions. The reports were recorded and fully transcribed, for content analysis. The results were organized into thematic categories from six axes: (1) factors that contributed to personal perception of being fat in adolescence; (2) Weight Loss Process: motivations, procedures and consequences; (3) Self-care feelings and attitudes towards one's fat body; (4) Perception about situations of social prejudice related to the experience of the fat body: fatophobia; (5) sexual esperiences of fat people; (6) Coping with the difficulties of being a fat teenager. Explicit and veiled prejudice situations were perceived in different contexts, the fat body in adolescence was remembered as a target of discrimination and joke and also as a synonym for disease and pathology. As consequences of these experiences, we can mention: difficulties in interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, feelings of shame and insecurity with the body itself, feelings of not deserving affection or sex; blockade in the affective and the need for transformation to be accepted (weight loss). The relationship between sexuality and the fat body determined by the participants appeared in the reports of different treatments received by the partners, negative feelings caused by avoidance, stigma of asexuality, fetishization and loneliness of fat women, “covering up” affective relationships, lack or limitation of options when choosing partiners. In addition, gender differences were highlighted when fat made men masculine, virile or affeminate and women masculinized or objectified. The data reiterate the idea that stigmatization of the fat person is a social phenomenon that has its roots in concepts of normality and health and this influences the way people treat and how the subjectivity of these people is built. The reports also reveal the vulnerability allied to the fat body, when it is considered as intersectionality, such as: regionality, class, sexual orientation, gender identity etc. in diverse and plural experiences. Few studies address the difficulties experienced by fat teenagers throughout human development and its implications for sexuality, and therefore we believe that other studies should expand this discussion in addition to including these data and others in practical proposals for sexual education that can minimize situations of exclusion and discrimination.
The body is a social construction and power relations operate within it that intended at control and discipline. Fat people are stigmatized and exposed to situations of discrimination and prejudice in contemporary society and may have emotional and social difficulties in the experience sexuality. This qualitative research, descriptive-exploratory type, had the general objective of investigating, from reports of young people who were considered fat in adolescence, aspects of their sexuality in human development, especially, the relation between perceiving oneself and being perceived as a fat person and the social, affective and sexual relationships experienced. 10 young people participated in an interview with open questions. The reports were recorded and fully transcribed, for content analysis. The results were organized into thematic categories from six axes: (1) factors that contributed to personal perception of being fat in adolescence; (2) Weight Loss Process: motivations, procedures and consequences; (3) Self-care feelings and attitudes towards one's fat body; (4) Perception about situations of social prejudice related to the experience of the fat body: fatophobia; (5) sexual esperiences of fat people; (6) Coping with the difficulties of being a fat teenager. Explicit and veiled prejudice situations were perceived in different contexts, the fat body in adolescence was remembered as a target of discrimination and joke and also as a synonym for disease and pathology. As consequences of these experiences, we can mention: difficulties in interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, feelings of shame and insecurity with the body itself, feelings of not deserving affection or sex; blockade in the affective and the need for transformation to be accepted (weight loss). The relationship between sexuality and the fat body determined by the participants appeared in the reports of different treatments received by the partners, negative feelings caused by avoidance, stigma of asexuality, fetishization and loneliness of fat women, “covering up” affective relationships, lack or limitation of options when choosing partiners. In addition, gender differences were highlighted when fat made men masculine, virile or affeminate and women masculinized or objectified. The data reiterate the idea that stigmatization of the fat person is a social phenomenon that has its roots in concepts of normality and health and this influences the way people treat and how the subjectivity of these people is built. The reports also reveal the vulnerability allied to the fat body, when it is considered as intersectionality, such as: regionality, class, sexual orientation, gender identity etc. in diverse and plural experiences. Few studies address the difficulties experienced by fat teenagers throughout human development and its implications for sexuality, and therefore we believe that other studies should expand this discussion in addition to including these data and others in practical proposals for sexual education that can minimize situations of exclusion and discrimination.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corpo gordo, Sexualidade, Estigma, Fat body, Sexuality, Stigma