Effect of cover crops and nitrogen rates on sprinkler irrigated wheat in low altitude cerrado 1
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Data
2016
Autores
Sabundjian, Michelle Traete [UNESP]
Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]
Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi
Meirelles, Flávia Constantino [UNESP]
Arf, Marcelo Valentini
Nascimento, Vagner Do [UNESP]
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A produção de trigo no cerrado brasileiro enfrenta grandes desafios, principalmente por não ser a região tradicionalmente tritícola e pela ocorrência de inverno quente e seco. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual das culturas antecessoras, milho e Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), em cultivo exclusivo e em consórcio entre ambas, na presença e ausência da inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense e adubação nitrogenada (N) em cobertura, no desenvolvimento e na produtividade do trigo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Selvíria, MS, em 2011/12. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, disposto em esquema fatorial 8x4, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de restos culturais (associações de milho, Urochloa ruziziensis e Azospirillum brasilense) e doses de N (0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha-1) em cobertura, no trigo. Realizaram-se as seguintes avaliações: cobertura vegetal residual (quantidade), características agronômicas, componentes de produção e produtividade da cultura do trigo. As culturas antecessoras apresentaram efeitos positivos na produtividade do trigo cultivado em sucessão, sendo o consórcio de milho e Urochloa ruziziensis, com ou sem inoculação excelente opção de manejo; o incremento da dose de N, em cobertura, até 90 kg ha- 1 aumenta a produtividade de grãos de trigo irrigado, dependendo da cultura antecessora.
Wheat production in the Brazilian cerrado faces major challenges, especially for not being a traditionally wheat region and the occurrence of hot and dry winters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of the previous crops corn and Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), in single cropping and intercropping, with and without seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and topdress nitrogen fertilization (N), on the development and yield of wheat. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in 2011/12. The experiment was arranged in an 8x4 factorial randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of crop residues (corn, Urochloa ruziziensis and Azospirillum brasilense) and topdress N rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) applied to wheat. The following evaluations were carried out: the amount of residual vegetation cover, agronomic characteristics, yield components and yield of wheat. There were positive effects of the previous crops on the yield of the succeeding wheat crop, and the intercropping corn x Urochloa ruziziensis, with or without inoculation, was an excellent management choice; increasing N rates in topdress up to 90 kg ha-1 increased the yield of irrigated wheat, depending on the previous crop.
Wheat production in the Brazilian cerrado faces major challenges, especially for not being a traditionally wheat region and the occurrence of hot and dry winters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of the previous crops corn and Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), in single cropping and intercropping, with and without seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and topdress nitrogen fertilization (N), on the development and yield of wheat. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in 2011/12. The experiment was arranged in an 8x4 factorial randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of crop residues (corn, Urochloa ruziziensis and Azospirillum brasilense) and topdress N rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) applied to wheat. The following evaluations were carried out: the amount of residual vegetation cover, agronomic characteristics, yield components and yield of wheat. There were positive effects of the previous crops on the yield of the succeeding wheat crop, and the intercropping corn x Urochloa ruziziensis, with or without inoculation, was an excellent management choice; increasing N rates in topdress up to 90 kg ha-1 increased the yield of irrigated wheat, depending on the previous crop.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Triticum aestivum L, sistema plantio direto, Zea mays L, Urochloa ruziziensis R. Germ & Evrard, consórcio, Azospirillum brasilense, Triticum aestivum L, no till, Zea mays L, Urochloa ruziziensis R. Germ & Evrard, intercropping, Azospirillum brasilense
Como citar
Revista Ceres. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, v. 63, n. 3, p. 394-402, 2016.