Qualidade do corte do colmo de cana-de-açúcar em função da rotação e da velocidade de deslocamento dos discos em condições controladas
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Data
2021-05-28
Autores
Drudi, Fernanda Scaranello [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de máquinas para a colheita da cana-de-açúcar é de extrema importância pois provocam um aumento do rendimento operacional no setor sucroenergético. Dos itens que compõe a colhedora, o corte de base influi diretamente na qualidade da colheita, na longevidade do canavial e na quantidade de carga colhida que irá para a indústria. O corte basal é realizado por impacto das facas no colmo da planta, podendo abalar as soqueiras, causar perdas invisíveis, elevar a quantidade de impurezas minerais incorporadas no material colhido já que frequentemente ocorre contato das facas de corte com o solo, acarretando também na redução da vida útil destas por desgaste e deformações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o dispositivo de corte de base de uma colhedora de cana-de-açúcar em condições operacionais controladas no laboratório e analisar a qualidade do corte. Foi utilizado o Dispositivo de Ensaio de Corte Basal de Cana-de-Açúcar (DECCA) para avaliar os danos às soqueiras, a força máxima de corte e as perdas invisíveis relacionando-se as configurações do DECCA com três rotações do disco de corte (640, 549 e 480 rpm), duas velocidades de deslocamento (3,5 e 5,0 km h-1) e dois modelos de simulação das soqueiras (M1 e M2) em diferentes ângulos de inclinação do colmo (22,5°; 45°; 60° e 90°). Os resultados mostraram que danos aos colmos se relacionaram com o ângulo de inclinação do colmo no modelo de simulação das soqueiras. Foi observada a maior quantidade de danos parciais nos colmos deitados a 22,5°. No modelo de simulação de soqueira M1, nas três rotações utilizadas dos discos de corte e com a menor velocidade de deslocamento (3,5 km h-1) do DEECA, foram obtidas as maiores forças de corte do colmo da cana-de-açúcar. No modelo de soqueira M2 e na maior velocidade de deslocamento (5,0 km h-1), conforme foram reduzindo as rotações dos discos de corte, as forças máximas de corte também reduziram. A maior quantidade de perdas invisíveis foi obtida no tratamento com a maior rotação dos discos do corte de base e na maior velocidade de deslocamento do DECCA.
The use of machines for harvesting sugarcane is extremely important as they cause an increase in operational efficiency in the sugar-energy sector. Of the items that make up the harvester, the basecutter directly influences the quality of the harvest, the longevity of the cane field and the quantity of harvested load that will go to the industry. The basal cut is performed by impact of the knives on the plant's culm, which can shake the stalks, cause invisible losses, increase the amount of mineral impurities incorporated in the harvested material as the cutting knives are often in contact with the soil, also resulting in a reduction of their useful life due to wear and deformation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the basic cutting device of a sugarcane harvester under controlled operating conditions in the laboratory and to analyze the quality of the cut. The Sugarcane Basal Cutting Test Device (DECCA) was used to evaluate the damage to the stumps, the maximum cutting force and the invisible losses relating to the DECCA configurations with three rotations of the cutting disc (640, 549 and 480 rpm), two displacement speeds (3.5 and 5.0 km h-1), and two tampon simulation models (M1 and M2) at different inclination angles (22.5°; 45 °; 60° and 90°). The results showed that culm damage was related to the inclination angle in the stump simulation model. The greatest amount of partial damage was observed in the stalks laid at 22.5°. In the stump simulation model M1, in the three used rotations of the cutting discs and with the lowest displacement speed (3.5 km h-1) of DEECA, the highest cutting forces of the sugarcane stalk were obtained. In the M2 stucco model and at the highest displacement speed (5.0 km h-1), as the cutting disc rotations were reduced, the maximum cutting forces also reduced. The greatest amount of invisible losses was obtained in the treatment with the highest engine speed and the highest displacement speed of the DECCA.
The use of machines for harvesting sugarcane is extremely important as they cause an increase in operational efficiency in the sugar-energy sector. Of the items that make up the harvester, the basecutter directly influences the quality of the harvest, the longevity of the cane field and the quantity of harvested load that will go to the industry. The basal cut is performed by impact of the knives on the plant's culm, which can shake the stalks, cause invisible losses, increase the amount of mineral impurities incorporated in the harvested material as the cutting knives are often in contact with the soil, also resulting in a reduction of their useful life due to wear and deformation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the basic cutting device of a sugarcane harvester under controlled operating conditions in the laboratory and to analyze the quality of the cut. The Sugarcane Basal Cutting Test Device (DECCA) was used to evaluate the damage to the stumps, the maximum cutting force and the invisible losses relating to the DECCA configurations with three rotations of the cutting disc (640, 549 and 480 rpm), two displacement speeds (3.5 and 5.0 km h-1), and two tampon simulation models (M1 and M2) at different inclination angles (22.5°; 45 °; 60° and 90°). The results showed that culm damage was related to the inclination angle in the stump simulation model. The greatest amount of partial damage was observed in the stalks laid at 22.5°. In the stump simulation model M1, in the three used rotations of the cutting discs and with the lowest displacement speed (3.5 km h-1) of DEECA, the highest cutting forces of the sugarcane stalk were obtained. In the M2 stucco model and at the highest displacement speed (5.0 km h-1), as the cutting disc rotations were reduced, the maximum cutting forces also reduced. The greatest amount of invisible losses was obtained in the treatment with the highest engine speed and the highest displacement speed of the DECCA.
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Palavras-chave
Corte basal, Mecanização agrícola, Saccharum spp, Colhedora de cana-de-açúcar, Mecanização agrícola, Basal cut, Agricultural mechanization, Saccharum spp, Sugarcane harvester