Tempo de resposta de atletas profissionais de basquetebol: níveis de desempenho e posições de jogo
Arquivos
Data
2021-05-28
Autores
Tamião, Marcelo Renato
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo investigou o tempo de resposta de atletas profissionais de basquetebol conforme os diferentes níveis de desempenho e posições que atuam no jogo. A amostra foi composta por 53 atletas profissionais de basquetebol que disputaram o campeonato da Liga Nacional de Basquete, sendo 14 armadores, 25 alas e 14 pivôs. O tempo de resposta dos participantes foi testado por três tarefas experimentais similares às tarefas de tempo de reação (TR). A primeira tarefa consistiu em testar o tempo de resposta apresentando uma dica implícita (i.e., em 43, 86 e 129 ms) antes da apresentação do estímulo. A segunda tarefa consistiu em tempo de resposta com estímulo simples e quatro escolhas. A terceira tarefa consistiu em tempo de resposta com dica prévia válida e inválida. Os resultados das tarefas experimentais foram analisados separando os participantes em grupos de duas formas, a saber: em grupos por desempenho (i.e., alto, médio e baixo desempenho) tendo como base a pontuação do scout das partidas realizadas; e em grupos por posição que atuam nos jogos (i.e., armadores, alas e pivôs). Os resultados indicaram que as condições das três tarefas realizadas (i.e., diferentes intervalos de dica implícita; simples e escolha; válida e inválida) alcançaram níveis de significância (p < 0.01). A comparação entre grupos em função da posição que atua no jogo foi significante somente no tempo de resposta com estímulo simples e quatro escolhas (p < 0.05). Em específico, os armadores foram estatisticamente mais rápidos do que os pivôs. Não houve diferença significativa em qualquer das tarefas experimentais entre os grupos em função do nível de desempenho. Conclui-se que uma dica percebida ou não, beneficia os atletas reduzindo o tempo de resposta. O tempo de resposta nas tarefas experimentais não depende do nível de desempenho do atleta. A posição que o atleta joga influencia o tempo de resposta com estímulos simples e de escolha.
The present study investigated the response time of professional basketball athletes according to different levels of performance and positions in the game. The sample consisted of 53 professional basketball athletes who competed in the National Basketball League championship, 14 point guards, 25 small forwards, and 14 centers. The participants’ response time was tested by three experimental tasks similar to the reaction time (RT) tasks. The first task consisted of testing the response time presenting an implicit cue (i.e., in 43, 86, and 129 ms) before the stimulus presentation. The second task consisted of response time with a simple stimulus and four choices. The third task consisted of response time with the valid and invalid previous cues. The results of the experimental tasks were analyzed by separating the participants into groups in two ways, namely: into performance groups (i.e., high, medium, and low performance) based on the scout score of the matches; and in groups by the position that act in the games (i.e., guards, forwards and centers). The results indicated that the conditions of the three tasks performed (i.e., different intervals of the implicit cue; simple and choice; valid and invalid) reached significance levels (p < 0.01). The comparison between groups as a function of the position that acts in the game was significant only in the response time with simple stimulus and four choices (p < 0.05). In particular, the forwards were statistically faster than the centers. There was no significant difference in any experimental tasks between groups as a function of performance level. It is concluded that a cue, perceived or not, benefits the athletes by reducing the response time. Response time on experimental tasks does not depend on the athlete’s performance level. The position that the athlete plays influences the response time with simple and choice stimuli.
The present study investigated the response time of professional basketball athletes according to different levels of performance and positions in the game. The sample consisted of 53 professional basketball athletes who competed in the National Basketball League championship, 14 point guards, 25 small forwards, and 14 centers. The participants’ response time was tested by three experimental tasks similar to the reaction time (RT) tasks. The first task consisted of testing the response time presenting an implicit cue (i.e., in 43, 86, and 129 ms) before the stimulus presentation. The second task consisted of response time with a simple stimulus and four choices. The third task consisted of response time with the valid and invalid previous cues. The results of the experimental tasks were analyzed by separating the participants into groups in two ways, namely: into performance groups (i.e., high, medium, and low performance) based on the scout score of the matches; and in groups by the position that act in the games (i.e., guards, forwards and centers). The results indicated that the conditions of the three tasks performed (i.e., different intervals of the implicit cue; simple and choice; valid and invalid) reached significance levels (p < 0.01). The comparison between groups as a function of the position that acts in the game was significant only in the response time with simple stimulus and four choices (p < 0.05). In particular, the forwards were statistically faster than the centers. There was no significant difference in any experimental tasks between groups as a function of performance level. It is concluded that a cue, perceived or not, benefits the athletes by reducing the response time. Response time on experimental tasks does not depend on the athlete’s performance level. The position that the athlete plays influences the response time with simple and choice stimuli.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tempo de reação, Basquetebol, NBB, Dica implícita, Dica inválida, Reaction time, Basketball, Implicit precue, Invalid precue