Variação semântico-lexical de atividades agropastoris em área fronteiriça entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais
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Data
2021-05-24
Autores
Dias, Victor Hugo Scanavachi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho visou registrar e descrever o falar fronteiriço entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais, no que tange às atividades agropastoris. Neste sentido, analisamos a variação semântico- lexical de quatro cidades localizadas nas fronteiras de ambos os estados – Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP), Jacutinga (MG), Poços de Caldas (MG) e São João da Boa Vista (SP) – a fim de verificar as semelhanças ou diferenças no léxico dos falantes em cada comunidade de fala. Foram coletados dados de 32 informantes, estratificados por sexo (masculino e feminino), faixa etária (A – 18 a 30 anos e B – 50 a 65 anos) e escolaridade (1 – ensino fundamental e 2 – curso superior), sendo oito de cada cidade. O trabalho se fundamenta na Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1994; CAMACHO, 2000) e na Dialetologia (FERREIRA; CARDOSO, 1994; THUN, 2000, 2005) e tem como metodologia o processo descrito no Atlas Linguístico do Brasil-ALiB (2014) e a elaboração e aplicação de um índice de urbanização, a fim de ordenar as cidades deste estudo com base nesse critério de urbanização. Primeiramente, aplicamos questionário semântico-lexical (QSL) que possui 25 perguntas da área semântica de atividades agropastoris, formulado pelo Comitê Nacional do Projeto ALiB. Como resultado, a aplicação das 25 perguntas registrou 17 casos de variação, cinco de uso categórico e três perguntas registraram abstenção total. Analisando as respostas, identificamos que o grau de urbanização da cidade foi a variável que mais influenciou no fenômeno de variação, seguido da variável social idade, registrando-se maior variedade lexical na fala de informantes mais velhos, e por último a variável escolaridade, demonstrando maior variação nas respostas de informantes que possuem apenas o ensino básico. Foi possível fazer direta relação entre o índice de abstenção e o grau de urbanização das cidades, já que a maior variedade lexical está ligada às cidades menores e menos urbanas, enquanto a abstenção aumenta conforme aumenta a urbanização da cidade. Com isto, por conta da quantidade de variantes presentes na fala dos informantes, concluímos que o léxico referente às atividades agropastoris das duas cidades com menor urbanização é diferente daquele utilizado nas duas cidades mais urbanizadas. Pudemos demonstrar que estas diferenças são ocasionadas por motivações sociais tal como idade, escolaridade e o meio ambiente em que vivem os informantes, fatores extralinguísticos que são constituídos pela influência do estilo de vida rural ou urbano dessas comunidades.
This study aims to record and describe the speech regarding agricultural activities that occurs in the border of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. We intend to analyze the semanticlexical variation in four cities located on the borders of both states - Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP), Jacutinga (MG), Poços de Caldas (MG) and São João da Boa Vista (SP) - in order to verify the similarities or differences in the lexicon of the speakers in each speech community. The data were collected from 32 informants, stratified by sex (male and female), age group (A - 18 to 30 years old and B - 50 to 65 years old) and education (1 – primary education and 2 – higher education), having eight informants from each city. The work is based on Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1994; CAMACHO, 2000) and Dialetology (FERREIRA; CARDOSO, 1994; THUN, 2000, 2005) and uses the methodological process described in the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil-ALiB (2014) and the elaboration and application of an urbanization index, in order to rank the cities of this study based on this urbanization criteria. Firstly, we applied a semantic-lexical questionnaire (QSL) including 25 questions on the semantic field of agropastoral activities, formulated by the “Comitê Nacional do Projeto ALiB”. Through the application of the 25 questions, we registered 17 cases of variation and 5 cases of categorical use. Three questions registered total abstention. Analyzing the answers, we identified that the degree of urbanization in the city was the variable that influenced the most in the variation phenomenon; it was followed by the social variable age, registering a greater lexical variety in the speech of older informants, and lastly the variable education, showing greater productivity in the answers of informants who only have basic education. It was possible to make a direct relationship between the rate of abstention and the degree of urbanization of cities, since the largest lexical variety is linked to smaller and less urbanized cities, while abstention increases with the increase of the urbanization of the city. With this, due to the numbers of variants present in the informant’s speech, we conclude that the lexicon referring to the agricultural activities of the two cities with less urbanization is different from that used in the two most urbanized cities. We were able to demonstrate that these differences are caused by social motivations such as age, education and the environment in which the informants live, extralinguistic factors that are constituted by the influence of the rural or urban lifestyle of these communities.
This study aims to record and describe the speech regarding agricultural activities that occurs in the border of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. We intend to analyze the semanticlexical variation in four cities located on the borders of both states - Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP), Jacutinga (MG), Poços de Caldas (MG) and São João da Boa Vista (SP) - in order to verify the similarities or differences in the lexicon of the speakers in each speech community. The data were collected from 32 informants, stratified by sex (male and female), age group (A - 18 to 30 years old and B - 50 to 65 years old) and education (1 – primary education and 2 – higher education), having eight informants from each city. The work is based on Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1994; CAMACHO, 2000) and Dialetology (FERREIRA; CARDOSO, 1994; THUN, 2000, 2005) and uses the methodological process described in the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil-ALiB (2014) and the elaboration and application of an urbanization index, in order to rank the cities of this study based on this urbanization criteria. Firstly, we applied a semantic-lexical questionnaire (QSL) including 25 questions on the semantic field of agropastoral activities, formulated by the “Comitê Nacional do Projeto ALiB”. Through the application of the 25 questions, we registered 17 cases of variation and 5 cases of categorical use. Three questions registered total abstention. Analyzing the answers, we identified that the degree of urbanization in the city was the variable that influenced the most in the variation phenomenon; it was followed by the social variable age, registering a greater lexical variety in the speech of older informants, and lastly the variable education, showing greater productivity in the answers of informants who only have basic education. It was possible to make a direct relationship between the rate of abstention and the degree of urbanization of cities, since the largest lexical variety is linked to smaller and less urbanized cities, while abstention increases with the increase of the urbanization of the city. With this, due to the numbers of variants present in the informant’s speech, we conclude that the lexicon referring to the agricultural activities of the two cities with less urbanization is different from that used in the two most urbanized cities. We were able to demonstrate that these differences are caused by social motivations such as age, education and the environment in which the informants live, extralinguistic factors that are constituted by the influence of the rural or urban lifestyle of these communities.
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Palavras-chave
Variação semântico-lexical, Urbanização, Sociolinguística, Dialetologia