Análise comparativa de diferentes recobrimentos de ferramentas de metal duro no torneamento do aço AISI 52100
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2021-02-25
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O constante desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dos aços e de outros materiais se deve à necessidade de aprimoramento dos processos de fabricação, otimizando os custos, a produtividade e reduzindo os impactos no meio ambiente. Neste contexto, as ferramentas devem ser aprimoradas de forma constante. Para estes fins, a usinagem a seco e as ferramentas de corte recobertas estão sendo cada vez mais exploradas. Sendo assim, este trabalho buscou comparar o desempenho de uma ferramenta de metal duro com recobrimento de TiCN+Al2O3 pelo processo CVD e uma ferramenta de metal duro com recobrimento de TiAlSiN pelo processo PVD, na usinagem do aço AISI 52100, o qual apresenta múltiplas propriedades que o tornam ideal para a fabricação, principalmente, de rolamentos e componentes de precisão. O Aço AISI 52100 apresenta um custo baixo e propriedades mecânicas muito boas. Foram feitos vários ensaios e análises a fim de estudar o comportamento da rugosidade, potência de usinagem, emissão acústica, vibração, desgaste das ferramentas, além da identificação dos tipos e formação de cavacos. Também foi verificado a influência da velocidade de corte e avanço no processo e na rugosidade final do material usinado. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Estudo da Usinagem da UNESP – Guaratinguetá, utilizando um centro de torneamento CNC da marca Romi, modelo GL 240M, com um sistema de aquisição de dados para coleta de potência, vibração e emissão acústica, aplicando diferentes parâmetros de corte (velocidade de corte, avanço e profundidade). Os corpos de prova de aço AISI 52100 foram usinados com velocidade de corte de 60 e 100 m/min e avanços de 0,05 e 0,1 mm/rot, tendo a profundidade de corte fixa em 0,25mm e o comprimento de avanço, também constante, em 28mm. De maneira geral, os resultados obtidos durante este trabalho demonstraram que a ferramenta TH1000 revestida com TiAlSiN pelo processo PVD manifestou um melhor desempenho durante o processo de usinagem do aço AISI 52100 nos diferentes parâmetros de saída analisados, devido a sua dureza mais elevada. Por meio da análise de variância constatou-se que os melhores níveis de rugosidade foram obtidos utilizando-se uma velocidade de 100 m/min e avanço de 0,05 mm/rot. Além disso o menor desgaste relativo da ferramenta TH1000 foi obtido com velocidade de corte de 60 m/min e avanço de 0,05 mm/rot, sendo que a variação do avanço não influenciou de forma significativa.
The constant development and improvement of steel and other materials is due to the need to improve manufacturing processes, optimizing costs, productivity and reducing impacts on the environment. In this context, the tools must be constantly improved. For these purposes, dry machining and coated tools are being increasingly explored. Therefore, this work had the purpose to compare the performance of a CVD-coated carbide tool (TiCN + Al2O3) and a PVD-coated carbide tool (TiAlSiN) when machining AISI 52100 steel, which has multiple properties that make it ideal for manufacturing mainly precision bearings and components. It has a low cost and good mechanical properties. Studies were carried out on the behavior of roughness, machining power, acoustic emission, vibration, tool wear, in addition to the identification of types and chip formation. It was also verified the influence of the cutting speed and food in the process and in the final roughness of the machined material. The work was developed at the Machining Study Laboratory at Unesp - Guaratinguetá, using a Romi CNC turning center, model GL 240M, with a data acquisition system for power collection, vibration and acoustic emission, applying different parameters of speed, cut and feed rate. The AISI 52100 steel sample were machined with a cutting speed of 60 and 100 m / min and feed rate of 0.05 and 0.1 mm/rev, with the cutting depth fixed at 0.25 mm and the feed rate length, also constant, at 28mm. In general, the results obtained during this work showed that the TH1000 tool coated with TiAlSiN by the PVD process indicated a better performance during the machining process of AISI 52100 steel. Using ANOVA it was found that the best levels of roughness were obtained using a speed of 100 m / min and an feed rate of 0.05 mm / rev. In addition, the lower relative wear of the TH1000 tool was obtained with a cutting speed of 60 m / min and a feed rate of 0.05 mm / rot, and the feed rate variation did not influence significantly.
The constant development and improvement of steel and other materials is due to the need to improve manufacturing processes, optimizing costs, productivity and reducing impacts on the environment. In this context, the tools must be constantly improved. For these purposes, dry machining and coated tools are being increasingly explored. Therefore, this work had the purpose to compare the performance of a CVD-coated carbide tool (TiCN + Al2O3) and a PVD-coated carbide tool (TiAlSiN) when machining AISI 52100 steel, which has multiple properties that make it ideal for manufacturing mainly precision bearings and components. It has a low cost and good mechanical properties. Studies were carried out on the behavior of roughness, machining power, acoustic emission, vibration, tool wear, in addition to the identification of types and chip formation. It was also verified the influence of the cutting speed and food in the process and in the final roughness of the machined material. The work was developed at the Machining Study Laboratory at Unesp - Guaratinguetá, using a Romi CNC turning center, model GL 240M, with a data acquisition system for power collection, vibration and acoustic emission, applying different parameters of speed, cut and feed rate. The AISI 52100 steel sample were machined with a cutting speed of 60 and 100 m / min and feed rate of 0.05 and 0.1 mm/rev, with the cutting depth fixed at 0.25 mm and the feed rate length, also constant, at 28mm. In general, the results obtained during this work showed that the TH1000 tool coated with TiAlSiN by the PVD process indicated a better performance during the machining process of AISI 52100 steel. Using ANOVA it was found that the best levels of roughness were obtained using a speed of 100 m / min and an feed rate of 0.05 mm / rev. In addition, the lower relative wear of the TH1000 tool was obtained with a cutting speed of 60 m / min and a feed rate of 0.05 mm / rot, and the feed rate variation did not influence significantly.
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Usinagem, CVD, PVD, Rugosidade, TiAlSiN, TiCN+Al2O3, AISI 52100, Machining, Roughness, Ferramentas de corte, Aspereza de superfície