Uma adaptação do Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS) para cidades de pequeno porte
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Data
2021-11-05
Autores
Cardoso, Bárbara Henrique
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenvolvimento espacial urbano brasileiro é decorrente de planejamentos baseados na circulação particular e motorizada (veículos individuais e motocicletas, principalmente). Com o crescimento populacional na área urbana, a mudança das atividades antrópicas e a implantação ou ampliação de empreendimentos comerciais ou residenciais, ocorreu uma transformação na mobilidade urbana. Os deslocamentos diários das pessoas e bens, no espaço urbano e rural, feitos através do uso do automóvel aumentou em relação aos transportes públicos coletivos, assim como houve um aumento significativo do número de viagens. Independentemente do porte das cidades, tais mudanças prejudicam a qualidade de vida da população urbana, que necessita de acesso aos bens e serviços. Portanto, a fim de beneficiar a qualidade de vida da população e o próprio município, tornam-se necessários: a identificação dos impactos negativos, bem como a proposição de soluções para eliminá-los ou reduzi-los, tais como: a melhoria no sistema de transporte público; a redução dos custos com deslocamentos; a redução da poluição sonora e atmosférica; o aumento de acessibilidade; a revitalização de espaços públicos; a requalificação do espaço viário e da paisagem urbana; a redução de congestionamentos; o aumento da atratividade econômica da cidade e da segurança no trânsito para condutores, ciclistas e pedestres. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo adaptar o Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS), ferramenta que possui 87 indicadores referentes à mobilidade urbana, para cidades de pequeno porte, a fim de contribuir para o planejamento urbano de municípios pequenos, favorecendo a qualidade de vida da população local. Para a adaptação do IMUS, além de uma revisão bibliográfica a fim de constatar quais indicadores não puderam ser utilizados em pesquisas anteriores – devido à dificuldade de obtenção de dados –, foi elaborado um questionário para consulta aos especialistas que já possuíam conhecimento sobre o índice. Com base nestas informações e uma reavaliação, sugeriu-se 57 indicadores a serem utilizados no IMUS adaptado a cidades de pequeno porte. Para validar o método, aplicou-se o IMUS adaptado na cidade de Lençóis Paulista, localizada no interior de São Paulo, que possui uma população estimada em 68990 habitantes. Nesta aplicação, devido à ausência de alguns dados, em curto prazo, foi possível calcular 42 indicadores, abrangendo todos os domínios e excluindo um tema do IMUS adaptado a cidades de pequeno porte, confirmando a viabilização da utilização deste método.
The Brazilian urban spatial development is the result of planning based on private and motorized circulation (individual vehicles and motorcycles, mainly). With the population growth in the urban area, the change in human activities and the implantation or expansion of commercial or residential projects, a transformation in urban mobility took place. The daily commuting of people and goods, in urban and rural space, made through the use of the automobile increased in relation to collective public transport, as well as a significant increase in the number of trips. Regardless of the size of cities, such changes affect the quality of life of the urban population, who need access to goods and services. Therefore, in order to benefit the quality of life of the population and the municipality itself, it is necessary to: identify negative impacts, as well as propose solutions to eliminate or reduce them, such as: improving the system by public transport; the reduction of travel costs; the reduction of noise and air pollution; increased accessibility; the revitalization of public spaces; the requalification of road space and urban landscape; the reduction of congestion; the increase in the economic attractiveness of the city and traffic safety for drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. Thus, this work aims to adapt the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (IMUS), a tool that has 87 indicators related to urban mobility, for small towns, in order to contribute to the urban planning of small municipalities, favoring the quality of life of the local population. For the adaptation of the IMUS, in addition to a literature review in order to find out which indicators could not be used in previous research - due to the difficulty of obtaining data -, a questionnaire was prepared for consultation with specialists who already had knowledge about the index. Based on this information and a reassessment, 57 indicators were suggested to be used in the IMUS adapted to small towns. To validate the method, the adapted IMUS was applied in the city of Lençóis Paulista, located in the interior of São Paulo, which has an estimated population of 68990 inhabitants. In this application, due to the absence of some data, in the short term, it was possible to calculate 42 indicators, covering all domains and excluding an IMUS theme adapted to small towns, confirming the feasibility of using this method.
The Brazilian urban spatial development is the result of planning based on private and motorized circulation (individual vehicles and motorcycles, mainly). With the population growth in the urban area, the change in human activities and the implantation or expansion of commercial or residential projects, a transformation in urban mobility took place. The daily commuting of people and goods, in urban and rural space, made through the use of the automobile increased in relation to collective public transport, as well as a significant increase in the number of trips. Regardless of the size of cities, such changes affect the quality of life of the urban population, who need access to goods and services. Therefore, in order to benefit the quality of life of the population and the municipality itself, it is necessary to: identify negative impacts, as well as propose solutions to eliminate or reduce them, such as: improving the system by public transport; the reduction of travel costs; the reduction of noise and air pollution; increased accessibility; the revitalization of public spaces; the requalification of road space and urban landscape; the reduction of congestion; the increase in the economic attractiveness of the city and traffic safety for drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. Thus, this work aims to adapt the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (IMUS), a tool that has 87 indicators related to urban mobility, for small towns, in order to contribute to the urban planning of small municipalities, favoring the quality of life of the local population. For the adaptation of the IMUS, in addition to a literature review in order to find out which indicators could not be used in previous research - due to the difficulty of obtaining data -, a questionnaire was prepared for consultation with specialists who already had knowledge about the index. Based on this information and a reassessment, 57 indicators were suggested to be used in the IMUS adapted to small towns. To validate the method, the adapted IMUS was applied in the city of Lençóis Paulista, located in the interior of São Paulo, which has an estimated population of 68990 inhabitants. In this application, due to the absence of some data, in the short term, it was possible to calculate 42 indicators, covering all domains and excluding an IMUS theme adapted to small towns, confirming the feasibility of using this method.
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Palavras-chave
Mobilidade Sustentável, IMUS, Cidades pequenas, Sustainable mobility, Small cities