O clima e as práticas agrícolas urbanas e periurbanas em Natal (RN): análise sobre as ilhas de calor urbanas
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Data
2021-09-28
Autores
Sousa, Guilherme Silva de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos ambientais das práticas agrícolas urbanas e periurbanas nas áreas selecionadas do município de Natal (RN), dando ênfase às condições de temperatura de superfície, temperatura do ar e heterogeneidade do ambiente urbano construído e não construído. O Sistema Clima Urbano (SCU) de Monteiro (1976) foi utilizado como pressuposto teórico-metodológico para investigar as especificidades das áreas com cultivo em relação às áreas construídas da cidade. A metodologia consistiu na observação de campo, utilização de técnicas e procedimentos do Sensoriamento Remoto, elaboração de mapas termais, de NDVI e de síntese da direção e velocidade do vento, painéis espaçotemporais, etc., que contribuíram para o diagnóstico das intensidades de temperatura de superfície, do ar e das ilhas de calor urbanas no recorte selecionado. Em complementação a esses procedimentos, foi utilizada a proposta teórico-metodológica da análise rítmica de Monteiro (1971) com o intuito de demonstrar a sucessão habitual dos tipos de tempo na cidade durante o trabalho de campo da pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que as práticas agrícolas urbanas e periurbanas, quando avaliadas sob a ótica das ilhas de calor urbanas, apresentam potenciais mitigatórios, no que se refere à caracterização da estrutura térmica da cidade. Por fim, considerou-se, por meio dos resultados, que tais práticas podem contribuir para o ordenamento e planejamento territorial urbano, especialmente, no que se refere à consolidação de cidades mais saudáveis e adaptadas à noção de sustentabilidade e, por conseguinte, ao bem-estar social e ambiental de sua respectiva população.
The objective of this work was to analyze the environmental effects of urban and periurban agricultural practices in selected areas of the city of Natal (RN), emphasizing the conditions of surface temperature, air temperature and heterogeneity of the built and non-built urban environment. Monteiro’s (1976) Urban Climate System (SCU) was used as a theoretical-methodological assumption to investigate the specificities of areas with cultivation in relation to built-up areas in the city. The methodology consisted of field observation, use of Remote Sensing techniques and procedures, preparation of thermal maps, NDVI and wind direction and speed synthesis, spatiotemporal panels, etc., which contributed to the diagnosis of intensities of surface temperature, air temperature, and urban heat islands in the selected cutout. In addition to these procedures, Monteiro's (1971) theoretical-methodological proposal of rhythm analysis was used to demonstrate the usual succession of types of time in the city during the research fieldwork. The results showed that urban and peri-urban agricultural practices, when evaluated from the perspective of urban heat islands, present mitigating potential, regarding the characterization of the city's thermal structure. Finally, it was considered, through the results, that such practices can contribute to urban territorial planning and ordering, especially regarding the consolidation of healthier cities adapted to the notion of sustainability and, therefore, to the social and environmental well-being of its respective population.
The objective of this work was to analyze the environmental effects of urban and periurban agricultural practices in selected areas of the city of Natal (RN), emphasizing the conditions of surface temperature, air temperature and heterogeneity of the built and non-built urban environment. Monteiro’s (1976) Urban Climate System (SCU) was used as a theoretical-methodological assumption to investigate the specificities of areas with cultivation in relation to built-up areas in the city. The methodology consisted of field observation, use of Remote Sensing techniques and procedures, preparation of thermal maps, NDVI and wind direction and speed synthesis, spatiotemporal panels, etc., which contributed to the diagnosis of intensities of surface temperature, air temperature, and urban heat islands in the selected cutout. In addition to these procedures, Monteiro's (1971) theoretical-methodological proposal of rhythm analysis was used to demonstrate the usual succession of types of time in the city during the research fieldwork. The results showed that urban and peri-urban agricultural practices, when evaluated from the perspective of urban heat islands, present mitigating potential, regarding the characterization of the city's thermal structure. Finally, it was considered, through the results, that such practices can contribute to urban territorial planning and ordering, especially regarding the consolidation of healthier cities adapted to the notion of sustainability and, therefore, to the social and environmental well-being of its respective population.
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Palavras-chave
Clima urbano, Agricultura urbana e periurbana, Temperatura, Ilhas de calor urbanas, Natal (RN), Urban climate, Urban and peri-urban agriculture, Temperature, Urban heat islands