Preparação desportiva a longo prazo no judô: uma relação entre os modelos utilizados e o trabalho do treinador no desenvolvimento de atletas
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Data
2021-10-05
Autores
Olivio Junior, José Alfredo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O judô apresenta grande representatividade no cenário competitivo internacional, sendo alvo de políticas esportivas de diversos países. No entanto, há pouca compreensão sobre o processo de longo prazo, no que tange aos processos desenvolvidos nos países e como o treinador é formado e capacitado para lidar com estas demandas. Partindo do pressuposto que a PDLP se relaciona com todas as etapas da vida esportiva de atletas, da iniciação até o alto rendimento, investigar como é a organização de processo pela perspectiva de treinadores de elite e como o treinador é preparado (formação, capacitação e carreira) para atuar no processo é fundamental para compreender a temática e propor modelos de organização da PDLP para o Brasil. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os modelos longitudinais de preparação desportiva utilizada em nível internacional, verificando as relações com a formação e carreira do treinador de judô. O trabalho teve uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como fontes de informações: revisão de literatura; observação em campo; análise documental e entrevistas. Para a revisão de literatura e análise documental foram focados em três eixos de informação: Talento; PDLP e; Formação do Treinador. As observações em campo foram realizadas pelo pesquisador enquanto atuava como treinador e registradas em diário reflexivo antes e durante a execução da pesquisa, para análise documental foram utilizadas os dados dos diária reflexivos e documentos institucionais dos países alvo e as entrevistas foram realizadas com 17 treinadores de 15 países por meio de temas geradores entre 2016 e 2019. Os resultados são apresentados em três temas: a) a concepção de talento no judô, que foi apontada como processual, na qual a expertise na modalidade pode ser desenvolvida a partir de quatro eixos principais: “o que o atleta faz”, “quando e como ele faz”, ”capacidade de aprendizagem” e “trabalho duro”, b) a estruturação de carreira e formação do treinador de judô em nível internacional encontra-se com diferentes configurações, sendo possível identificar por meio de comparação, quatro grupos distintos, sendo dois grupos mais com características profissionais, um grupo com estrutura profissional e em transição no que tange aos treinadores e um grupo com estrutura descentralizada, c) uma proposta para um sistema de identificação e desenvolvimento de talentos no judô para a realidade nacional. Na prosta é indicado elementos norteadores baseado na perspectiva de talento. A proposta destaca a necessidade de alinhar com a perspectiva de uma organização nacional de judô (entidade gestora da modalidade), identificar as necessidades do campo profissional, selecionar profissionais com perfil para promover a capacitação de treinadores e elencar estratégias de capacitação. Foi possível identificar que os principais países do mundo apresentam um modelo de longo prazo para a preparação de atletas, associados a um “funil” no qual convergem os melhores atletas para centros especializados, em alguns casos a carreira do treinador tem relação com a estrutura esportiva, no entanto não é regra. A presença de documentos norteadores tido como necessário por todos os treinadores. No caso do Brasil, devido a estrutura clubista e federativa documentos norteadores e capacitação de treinadores alinhados nesta perspectiva são essenciais para configurar um sistema de desenvolvimento de atletas.
Judo has great representation in the international competitive scenario, being the target of sports policies in several countries. However, there is little understanding about the long-term process, regarding the processes developed in the countries and how the coach is trained and qualified to deal with these demands. Assuming that Long Term Sport Preparation (LTSP) is related to all stages of the sports life of athletes, from initiation to high performance, investigate how the process is organized from the perspective of elite coaches and how the coach is prepared (Education, training and career ) to act in the process is essential to understand the theme and propose models of organization of the LTSP for Brazil. In this sense, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal models of sports preparation used at the international level, verifying the relationships with the training and career of the judo coach. This thesis had a qualitative approach, having as sources of information: literature review; field observation; document analysis and interviews. For the literature review and document analysis, three axes of information were focused: Talent; LTSP and; Coach Training. Field observations were carried out by the researcher while acting as a coach and recorded in a reflective diary before and during the execution of the research. For document analysis, data from reflective diary and institutional documents from the target countries were used and interviews were conducted with 17 coaches 15 countries through generative themes between 2016 and 2019. The results are presented in three themes: a) the concept of talent in judo, which was identified as procedural, in which expertise in the sport can be developed from four main axes: "what the athlete does", "when and how he does it", "learning capacity" and "hard work", b) the career structuring and training of the judo coach at the international level is found in different configurations, being possible to identify, through comparison, four distinct groups, being two groups with more professional characteristics, a group with a professional structure and in transition with regard to coaches and a group with a decentralized structure, c) a proposal for a system of identification and development of talents in judo for the national reality. In the prostrate, guiding elements based on the talent perspective are indicated. The proposal highlights the need to align with the perspective of a national judo organization (managing entity of the sport), identify the needs of the professional field, select professionals with a profile to promote the training of coaches and list training strategies. It was possible to identify that the main countries in the world have a long-term model for the preparation of athletes, associated with a pipeline in which the best athletes converge to specialized centers, in some cases the coach's career is related to the sports structure, in the However it is not a rule. The presence of guiding documents deemed necessary by all coaches. In the case of Brazil, due to the club and federative structure, guiding documents and training of coaches aligned with this perspective are essential to configure an athlete development system.
Judo has great representation in the international competitive scenario, being the target of sports policies in several countries. However, there is little understanding about the long-term process, regarding the processes developed in the countries and how the coach is trained and qualified to deal with these demands. Assuming that Long Term Sport Preparation (LTSP) is related to all stages of the sports life of athletes, from initiation to high performance, investigate how the process is organized from the perspective of elite coaches and how the coach is prepared (Education, training and career ) to act in the process is essential to understand the theme and propose models of organization of the LTSP for Brazil. In this sense, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal models of sports preparation used at the international level, verifying the relationships with the training and career of the judo coach. This thesis had a qualitative approach, having as sources of information: literature review; field observation; document analysis and interviews. For the literature review and document analysis, three axes of information were focused: Talent; LTSP and; Coach Training. Field observations were carried out by the researcher while acting as a coach and recorded in a reflective diary before and during the execution of the research. For document analysis, data from reflective diary and institutional documents from the target countries were used and interviews were conducted with 17 coaches 15 countries through generative themes between 2016 and 2019. The results are presented in three themes: a) the concept of talent in judo, which was identified as procedural, in which expertise in the sport can be developed from four main axes: "what the athlete does", "when and how he does it", "learning capacity" and "hard work", b) the career structuring and training of the judo coach at the international level is found in different configurations, being possible to identify, through comparison, four distinct groups, being two groups with more professional characteristics, a group with a professional structure and in transition with regard to coaches and a group with a decentralized structure, c) a proposal for a system of identification and development of talents in judo for the national reality. In the prostrate, guiding elements based on the talent perspective are indicated. The proposal highlights the need to align with the perspective of a national judo organization (managing entity of the sport), identify the needs of the professional field, select professionals with a profile to promote the training of coaches and list training strategies. It was possible to identify that the main countries in the world have a long-term model for the preparation of athletes, associated with a pipeline in which the best athletes converge to specialized centers, in some cases the coach's career is related to the sports structure, in the However it is not a rule. The presence of guiding documents deemed necessary by all coaches. In the case of Brazil, due to the club and federative structure, guiding documents and training of coaches aligned with this perspective are essential to configure an athlete development system.
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Palavras-chave
Judô, Treinador, Talento, Longo prazo, Judo, Coach, Talent, Long term