Avaliação do pré-tratamento Organosolv no bagaço de cana-de-açúcar por microtomografia
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Data
2019-11-08
Autores
Almeida, Natália Mariano de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A biomassa é composta por polissacarídeos (celulose e hemicelulose) e lignina. Para a
produção do bioetanol obtido a partir de materiais lignocelulósico ocorre a hidrólise dos
polissacarídeos da biomassa em açucares fermentescíveis e sua posterior fermentação. Na
hidrólise ocorre a separação de açúcares e a remoção da lignina. A composição e a
estrutura da biomassa têm forte influência no rendimento dos processos de hidrólise e
fermentação, visto que a hidrólise somente é eficiente, de fato, após alguma separação
das frações da biomassa, por isso, há um enfoque maior na primeira etapa do processo
que consiste no pré-tratamento da matéria-prima, para torna-la mais acessível aos
tratamentos posteriores, através da destruição da estrutura celular do material. Para essa
etapa, existem diversos tipos de processos, com diferentes rendimentos e efeitos distintos
sobre a biomassa e consequente impacto nas etapas subsequentes. Um dos principais pré tratamento é o organosolv, que utiliza um solvente orgânico para romper as ligações do
complexo lignocelulósico. A Microtomografia por contraste de fase, oferece uma boa
resolução entre tecidos moles, sendo ideal para amostras biológicas, permitindo a
visualização interna da amostra invasivamente. Para a avaliação dos efeitos do organosolv
na estrutura celular, foram utilizados cana energia e o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar. As
imagens foram obtidas no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron na linha de luz IMX,e
analisadas e processadas com o software CTAn e ImageJ. A microtomografia se mostrou
uma excelente técnica para o estudo da anatomia vegetal, porém o pré-tratamento teve
um efeito abrupto na parede celular das amostras, as deixando muito fragmentadas. Em
cortes longitudinais do tomograma é visível a desfibrilação da estrutura
Biomass is composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin. For the production of bioethanol, from lignocellulosic materials there is a hydrolysis of polysaccharides of biomass in fermentable sugar and its subsequent fermentation. In hydrolysis occurs the selection of sugar and the removal of the line. The composition and structure of biomass have a strong influence on the yield of hydrolysis and fermentation processes, since hydrolysis is efficient, in fact, after some variations of biomass fractions, so there is a greater focus on the first step of the process consisting in the pretreatment of the raw material to make it more accessible to subsequent procedures by destroying the cellular structure of the material. For this stage, several types of processes, with different effects and distinct effects on a biomass and consequent impact on subsequent steps. One of the main pretreatments is organosolv, which uses an organic solvent to break up as lignocellulosic complex bindings. Phase contrast microtomography offers good resolution between tissues and is ideal for biological products, allowing invasive internal sample responses. To evaluate the effects of organosolv on cellular structure, energy cane and sugarcane bagasse were used. As images, they were selected at the Sincrotron National Light Laboratory on the IMX beamline, and analyzed and processed with CTAn and ImageJ software. Microtomography showed an excellent technique for studying plant anatomy, but pretreatment had an abrupt effect on the cell wall of the samples, leaving them very fragmented. In longitudinal sections of the tomogram a defibrillation of the structure is visible
Biomass is composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin. For the production of bioethanol, from lignocellulosic materials there is a hydrolysis of polysaccharides of biomass in fermentable sugar and its subsequent fermentation. In hydrolysis occurs the selection of sugar and the removal of the line. The composition and structure of biomass have a strong influence on the yield of hydrolysis and fermentation processes, since hydrolysis is efficient, in fact, after some variations of biomass fractions, so there is a greater focus on the first step of the process consisting in the pretreatment of the raw material to make it more accessible to subsequent procedures by destroying the cellular structure of the material. For this stage, several types of processes, with different effects and distinct effects on a biomass and consequent impact on subsequent steps. One of the main pretreatments is organosolv, which uses an organic solvent to break up as lignocellulosic complex bindings. Phase contrast microtomography offers good resolution between tissues and is ideal for biological products, allowing invasive internal sample responses. To evaluate the effects of organosolv on cellular structure, energy cane and sugarcane bagasse were used. As images, they were selected at the Sincrotron National Light Laboratory on the IMX beamline, and analyzed and processed with CTAn and ImageJ software. Microtomography showed an excellent technique for studying plant anatomy, but pretreatment had an abrupt effect on the cell wall of the samples, leaving them very fragmented. In longitudinal sections of the tomogram a defibrillation of the structure is visible
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Palavras-chave
Organosolv, Bioetanol, Microtomografia, Radiação sincrotron, Bioethanol, Microtomography, Synchrotron radiation