Modelagem matemática para otimização da coleta e distribuição de dejetos em biodigestor central
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Data
2021-08-20
Autores
Lyra, Alex Sander
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A logística cada vez mais se mostra como essencial para o desenvolvimento de organizações dos mais variados setores, em especial, ao agronegócio, onde vem se apresentando como fundamental na disponibilização de novas alternativas para auxiliar a tomada de decisão, principalmente, no que se refere a possibilidade de métodos que permitem a otimização de recursos. Neste sentido, procurou-se estabelecer, em um espaço geográfico, o melhor posicionamento para a implementação de um biodigestor central capaz de atender a demanda de tratamento de dejetos suínos gerados em diversas propriedades rurais, minimizando a distância e custo para coleta e deposição dos mesmos. Para isso, adotou-se os métodos de centro de gravidade e localização de facilidades, mais especificamente o método p-medianas, para a definição da melhor localização para sua implementação. Também realizou-se o roteamento da coleta dos dejetos nos propriedades e distribuição no biodigestor compartilhado, utilizando o método de varredura e o método PRV baseado na heurística do vizinho mais próximo. Considerando as distâncias totais percorridas, observou que a melhor posição geográfica para o biodigestor foi obtida com a utilização do método p_medianas. A roteirização utilizando o método PRV baseado na heurística do vizinho mais próximo, partindo de um biodigestor localizado pelo centro de gravidade, apresentou a melhor resposta considerando a minimização do tempo total das rotas a serem percorridas pelo veículo para realizar as coletas e distribuição dos dejetos, resultando no menor tempo total, ou seja, de 64,62 horas. Já a aplicação do método de roteirização PRV com a heurística do vizinho mais próximo partindo de um biodigestor instalado em uma propriedade localizada pelo método p-medianas apresentou um tempo total para percorrer todas as rotas de 64,92 horas.
Logistics increasingly proves to be essential for the development of organizations from the most varied sectors, in particular, agribusiness, where it has been presented as fundamental in providing new alternatives to assist decision-making, especially with regard to possibility of methods that allow the optimization of resources. In this sense, an attempt was made to establish, in a geographical space, the best position for the implementation of a central biodigester capable of meeting the demand for the treatment of swine manure generated in various rural properties, minimizing the distance and cost of collecting and deposition them. For this, we adopted the methods of center of gravity and location of facilities, more specifically the p-median method, to define the best location for its implementation. The routing of the waste collection in the properties and distribution in the shared biodigester was also carried out, using the scanning method and the PRV method based on the nearest neighbor heuristic. Considering the total distances covered, it was observed that the best geographic position for the bidestror was obtained using the p_medians method. The routing using the PRV method based on the nearest neighbor heuristic, starting from a biodigester located by the center of gravity, presented the best response considering the minimization of the total time of the routes to be taken by the vehicle to carry out the collection and distribution of the waste, resulting in the shortest total time, that is, 64.62 hours. The application of the PRV routing method with the nearest neighbor heuristic starting from a biodigester installed in a property located by the p-median method presented a total time to traverse all routes of 64.92 hours.
Logistics increasingly proves to be essential for the development of organizations from the most varied sectors, in particular, agribusiness, where it has been presented as fundamental in providing new alternatives to assist decision-making, especially with regard to possibility of methods that allow the optimization of resources. In this sense, an attempt was made to establish, in a geographical space, the best position for the implementation of a central biodigester capable of meeting the demand for the treatment of swine manure generated in various rural properties, minimizing the distance and cost of collecting and deposition them. For this, we adopted the methods of center of gravity and location of facilities, more specifically the p-median method, to define the best location for its implementation. The routing of the waste collection in the properties and distribution in the shared biodigester was also carried out, using the scanning method and the PRV method based on the nearest neighbor heuristic. Considering the total distances covered, it was observed that the best geographic position for the bidestror was obtained using the p_medians method. The routing using the PRV method based on the nearest neighbor heuristic, starting from a biodigester located by the center of gravity, presented the best response considering the minimization of the total time of the routes to be taken by the vehicle to carry out the collection and distribution of the waste, resulting in the shortest total time, that is, 64.62 hours. The application of the PRV routing method with the nearest neighbor heuristic starting from a biodigester installed in a property located by the p-median method presented a total time to traverse all routes of 64.92 hours.
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Palavras-chave
Posição geográfica, Roteirização, Métodos de otimização, Geographic position, Routing, Optimization methods