Aplicação de extrato aquoso de composto colonizado sobre a camada de cobertura de Agaricus subrufescens
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Data
2021-10-27
Autores
Iossi, Matheus Rodrigo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cogumelo do sol, Agaricus subrufescens, foi descoberto no Brasil por volta da década de 60 e devido suas propriedades medicinais e nutricionais, se tornou conhecido no mundo todo. Quando cultivado a nível comercial, o cogumelo do sol necessita de camada de cobertura para que haja frutificação, sendo esse o elemento responsável pela mudança do estágio vegetativo para o reprodutivo (formação de cogumelos). Para manter um microclima úmido, durante a etapa de produção, é necessário a aplicação diária de irrigação sobre a camada de cobertura. Tendo em vista o manejo diário de irrigação, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação do extrato aquoso de composto colonizado na camada de cobertura de A. subrufescens. Para isso, diferentes extratos aquosos foram confeccionados, em diferentes tempos de extração, concentrações, momentos de aplicação, tratamento térmico e ambientes de cultivo. O comportamento agronômico do cogumelo foi avaliado quanto à produtividade, eficiência biológica, número de cogumelos, massa média de cogumelos e precocidade, assim como, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, condutividade elétrica e pH dos extratos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, sob o nível de 5,0% de probabilidade. O rendimento do cogumelo do sol foi afetado de diversas formas pela aplicação de extratos aquosos sobre a camada de cobertura. A aplicação de extrato aquoso esterilizado e não esterilizado em diferentes concentrações não influenciou a condutividade elétrica e pH das camadas de cobertura, enquanto a produtividade, número de cogumelos e massa média dos cogumelos foram afetados. Os diferentes momentos de aplicação e os extratos aquosos obtidos sob diferentes tempos de extração influenciaram a condutividade elétrica e pH das camadas de cobertura, assim como, influenciaram o número de cogumelos, a massa média dos cogumelos e a precocidade. Nesse caso, apenas a câmara de cultivo provocou efeito sob as variáveis produtividade, eficiência biológica e número de cogumelos.
The sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens, was discovered in Brazil around the 1960s and due to its medicinal and nutritional properties, it became known worldwide. When cultivated commercially, the sun mushroom needs a casing layer for fruiting, which is the element responsible for changing the vegetative to the reproductive stage (mushroom formation). To maintain a moist microclimate, during the production stage, it is necessary to apply daily irrigation over the casing layer. In view of the daily management of irrigation, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of applying the compost tea of colonized compost to the casing layer of A. subrufescens. For this, different compost teas were made, at different extraction times, doses, application times, heat treatment and cultivation environments. The mushroom's agronomic behavior was evaluated for yield, biological efficiency, number, weight and precocity, as well as physical-chemical analyzes, electrical conductivity and pH of the extracts. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test, under the level of 5.0% probability. The yield of the sun mushroom was affected in several ways by the application of compost teas on the casing layer. The application of autoclaved and non-autoclaved compost tea did not influence the productivity of A. subrufescens or the electrical conductivity and pH of the casing layer, while the weight and number of mushrooms were affected. The application of compost teas obtained under different fermentation times influenced the electrical conductivity and pH of the casing layer, as well as the number of mushrooms, the weight and the precocity, while only the culture chamber had an effect on the yield, biological efficiency and number of mushrooms variables. Keywords: Agricultural microbiology, cultivation mushrooms, irrigating solution, microorganisms
The sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens, was discovered in Brazil around the 1960s and due to its medicinal and nutritional properties, it became known worldwide. When cultivated commercially, the sun mushroom needs a casing layer for fruiting, which is the element responsible for changing the vegetative to the reproductive stage (mushroom formation). To maintain a moist microclimate, during the production stage, it is necessary to apply daily irrigation over the casing layer. In view of the daily management of irrigation, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of applying the compost tea of colonized compost to the casing layer of A. subrufescens. For this, different compost teas were made, at different extraction times, doses, application times, heat treatment and cultivation environments. The mushroom's agronomic behavior was evaluated for yield, biological efficiency, number, weight and precocity, as well as physical-chemical analyzes, electrical conductivity and pH of the extracts. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test, under the level of 5.0% probability. The yield of the sun mushroom was affected in several ways by the application of compost teas on the casing layer. The application of autoclaved and non-autoclaved compost tea did not influence the productivity of A. subrufescens or the electrical conductivity and pH of the casing layer, while the weight and number of mushrooms were affected. The application of compost teas obtained under different fermentation times influenced the electrical conductivity and pH of the casing layer, as well as the number of mushrooms, the weight and the precocity, while only the culture chamber had an effect on the yield, biological efficiency and number of mushrooms variables. Keywords: Agricultural microbiology, cultivation mushrooms, irrigating solution, microorganisms
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Microbiologia Agrícola, Cogumelos Cultivo, Micro-organismos, Solução irrigadora