Gênero e posicionamento no esporte: a noticiabilidade no jornalismo esportivo feminista do Dibradoras
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Data
2021-09-24
Autores
Firmino, Carolina Bortoleto
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A condição feminina no esporte continua travando lutas contra a desigualdade: salários, oportunidades, investimentos e credibilidade são amplamente definidos conforme o gênero. Já o imaginário social ainda indica que mulheres e homens atletas deveriam atuar sob esferas diferentes: para eles, esportes de performance e impacto corporal que simbolizam força e virilidade; para elas, estética, beleza e sensualidade surgem como fatores mais importantes na divisão das modalidades. A mídia, por sua vez, reforça invisibilidades com a predominância do futebol masculino nas coberturas esportivas. Na intenção de apontar essas e outras contradições, o blog Dibradoras surge em 2015, com uma atuação posicionada, engajada e que se ocupa de conferir protagonismo às mulheres no esporte. Segundo Stuart Hall (1998), todas as notícias são produzidas a partir de mapas culturais de significados do mundo social acionados pelos jornalistas. Assim, nesta tese, conceituamos a cobertura do Dibradoras como jornalismo esportivo feminista, que se apoia num mapa cultural do esporte ressignificado e em transformação, cujas características delimitamos ao final desta pesquisa. Com o objetivo de identificar aspectos desse novo mapa que fundamenta a produção social da notícia no blog, além de nos aprofundarmos nas discussões sobre gênero e esporte e imprensa feminista, analisamos o Dibradoras a partir das três instâncias de noticiabilidade propostas por Gislene Silva (2014). Elas estão na origem dos fatos, no tratamento dos fatos e na visão dos fatos: primeira diz respeito aos valores-notícia, a segunda está centrada na organização que produz o conteúdo, e a terceira se apoia em fundamentos éticos, filosóficos e epistemológicos do jornalismo. O corpus de análise é composto por textos publicados em 2018 – ano em que o Dibradoras passou a integrar a blogosfera do UOL e foi projetado nacionalmente –, além de entrevistas com profissionais do campo esportivo. Entre os resultados, concluímos que a noticiabilidade no Dibradoras se desenvolve ao mesmo tempo em que as jornalistas responsáveis por ele se reconhecem como mulheres feministas e fazem uma autocrítica a respeito do seu papel enquanto porta-vozes do debate da participação feminina no esporte. Além disso, em uma compreensão teórica e empírica do jornalismo esportivo feminista e do mapa cultural esportivo ressignificado e em transformação estabelecemos 20 princípios que podem servir como base para outras produções. Essas novas narrativa funcionam como parte do processo de mudança para conferir protagonismo e oportunidade às mulheres, e reforçar seu lugar no esporte.
Women's situation in sports continues to struggle against inequality: wages, opportunities, investments and credibility are broadly defined by gender. But the social imagination still indicates that women and men athletes should act in different spheres: for men, performance and high impact sports that symbolize strength and virility; for women, aesthetics, beauty and sensuality emerge as the most important factors in the division of modalities. The media, also, reinforces invisibilities with the predominance of men's football in sports coverage. With the intention of pointing out these and other contradictions, the Dibradoras blog appears in 2015, with a well positioned, engaged action concerned with giving women visibility and prominence in sports. According to Stuart Hall (1998), all news are produced from cultural maps of meanings in the social world triggered by journalists. Thus, in this thesis, we define the coverage of Dibradoras as feminist sports journalism, which is supported by a cultural map of sports that is redefined and in transformation, whose characteristics we delimited at the end of this research. In order to identify aspects of this new map that underlies the social production of news on the blog, in addition to delving deeper into gender and sport and the feminist press, we analyzed Dibradoras from the three instances of newsworthiness proposed by Gislene Silva (2014). They are the origin of the facts, how the facts are treated and the view of these facts: the first one concerns news values, the second is centered on the organization that produces the content and the third is based on ethical, philosophical and epistemological journalism. The corpus of analysis is composed of texts published in 2018 – the year that Dibradoras became part of UOL's blogosphere and was nationally projected for a broader audience – as well with interviews with well-known names in the branch. Among the results, we conclude that newsworthiness in Dibradoras develops at the same time as it’s journalists recognize themselves as feminist women and make a self-criticism about their role as spokespersons of the debate on women's participation in sports. Furthermore, in a theoretical and empirical understanding of feminist sports journalism and the cultural map of sports that is redefined and in transformation, we establish 20 principles that can be used as a basis for other productions. These new narratives work as part of the process of change to give women prominence, opportunity and reinforce their place in sport.
Women's situation in sports continues to struggle against inequality: wages, opportunities, investments and credibility are broadly defined by gender. But the social imagination still indicates that women and men athletes should act in different spheres: for men, performance and high impact sports that symbolize strength and virility; for women, aesthetics, beauty and sensuality emerge as the most important factors in the division of modalities. The media, also, reinforces invisibilities with the predominance of men's football in sports coverage. With the intention of pointing out these and other contradictions, the Dibradoras blog appears in 2015, with a well positioned, engaged action concerned with giving women visibility and prominence in sports. According to Stuart Hall (1998), all news are produced from cultural maps of meanings in the social world triggered by journalists. Thus, in this thesis, we define the coverage of Dibradoras as feminist sports journalism, which is supported by a cultural map of sports that is redefined and in transformation, whose characteristics we delimited at the end of this research. In order to identify aspects of this new map that underlies the social production of news on the blog, in addition to delving deeper into gender and sport and the feminist press, we analyzed Dibradoras from the three instances of newsworthiness proposed by Gislene Silva (2014). They are the origin of the facts, how the facts are treated and the view of these facts: the first one concerns news values, the second is centered on the organization that produces the content and the third is based on ethical, philosophical and epistemological journalism. The corpus of analysis is composed of texts published in 2018 – the year that Dibradoras became part of UOL's blogosphere and was nationally projected for a broader audience – as well with interviews with well-known names in the branch. Among the results, we conclude that newsworthiness in Dibradoras develops at the same time as it’s journalists recognize themselves as feminist women and make a self-criticism about their role as spokespersons of the debate on women's participation in sports. Furthermore, in a theoretical and empirical understanding of feminist sports journalism and the cultural map of sports that is redefined and in transformation, we establish 20 principles that can be used as a basis for other productions. These new narratives work as part of the process of change to give women prominence, opportunity and reinforce their place in sport.
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Palavras-chave
Jornalismo esportivo feminista, Esporte, Feminismo, Dibradoras, Feminist sports journalism, Sport, Feminism,