Violência contra as mulheres nas universidades públicas, o que elas têm a dizer? facebook como espaço de denúncia.
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Data
2021-08-25
Autores
Gomes, Thatiana Rodrigues Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mulher, desde a década de 1960, ampliou e diversificou suas atividades para além do ambiente doméstico/privado e passou a ocupar espaços que outrora possuíam público majoritariamente do gênero masculino. Um desses espaços é a universidade. No Brasil, diversos tipos de violência de gênero, historicamente, marcam as relações intersubjetivas e têm sido alvo de estudos. No que tange especificamente à violência contra a mulher, a despeito das convenções internacionais e leis que visam ao combate desse tipo de violência, ainda nos deparamos com graves problemas e sérias consequências sociais sem avanços significativos. Nas últimas décadas, os espaços onde ocorrem tais violências também foram ampliados e um deles, ainda pouco estudado, merece maior atenção: os ambientes universitários. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de identificar e analisar denúncias de mulheres universitárias sobre violências vivenciadas por elas nesses espaços e que foram expostas em páginas de uma rede social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, pautada na análise temática de conteúdo. O corpus analisado é composto de um conjunto de denúncias anônimas, obtidas a partir de quatro comunidades criadas na rede social Facebook, cujo título supõe vínculo com três universidades públicas localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Na análise de conteúdo realizada com o apoio do Software NVivo e de nuvens de palavras, permitiu-nos identificar denúncias que podem ser classificadas como violência física, sexual e psicológica, além de sugerir relacionamentos abusivos. Como perfil dos sujeitos que infligem esse tipo de violência se destacam as figuras amigo, namorado e professor. Nota-se também a presença de determinada estrutura hierárquica relacionada à autoridade do professor e do aluno veterano, podendo se configurar em relações de poder, com heranças de uma cultura patriarcal e de objetificação da mulher. Os espaços onde ocorrem tais violências são diversificados, predominando festas, repúblicas estudantis, além do próprio campus. A maioria das denúncias envolvem preconceitos contra a mulher, difamação e ofensas verbais, porém há também relatos de estupros. Consideramos que a rede social parece ter se tornado não apenas um espaço de reclamações, ela também tem a função de ampliar a visibilidade das denúncias de abuso contra a mulher, de reconhecimento das situações violentas e abusivas, e de apoio às vítimas em face do sofrimento vivenciado sem o devido amparo por parte do poder público.
Since the decade of 1960, women have expanded and diversified their activities beyond the domestic/private environment and started to occupy spaces that once had a majority male audience. One of these spaces is the university. In Brazil, different types of gender violence have historically marked intersubject relationships, and have been the subject study. Specifically with respect to violence against women, despite international conventions and laws aimed at combating this type of violence, we are still faced with serious problems and social consequences without significant advances. In the last decades, the places where such violence occur have expanded and an important, yet understudied, environment is the university. The current study aimed to identify and analyze complaints of violence from women in Brazilian public universities which were reported on pages of a social network. This was a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research, based on thematic content analysis. The data consisted of anonymous complaints obtained from four communities created on the social network Facebook, whose titles suggest links with three public universities located in the state of São Paulo. A preliminary analysis carried out using the software NVivo Software and word clouds allowed to identify complaints that could be classified as physical, sexual and psychological violence, suggesting abusive relationships. It was not possible for us to identify the demographic profile of individuals who carried out these violent acts. It was possible to define through these reports that the figures of a friend, a boyfriend and/or a teacher stood out. It is also noted the presence of a hierarchical structure related to the authority of the teacher and the senior student, which implies power relationships inherited from a patriarchal culture and of 9 objectification of women. The spaces where violence against women occurred were diverse, with the predominance of parties and student residences, but also the university campus itself. Many complaints involved prejudice against women, defamation and verbal offenses, but there were also reports of rape. We considered that social networks seem to become not only a space for complaints, but a place for visibility of the problem, recognition of violent and abusive behaviours, and peer support in the face of the devastating experiences without the proper acknowledgement from the public authorities
Since the decade of 1960, women have expanded and diversified their activities beyond the domestic/private environment and started to occupy spaces that once had a majority male audience. One of these spaces is the university. In Brazil, different types of gender violence have historically marked intersubject relationships, and have been the subject study. Specifically with respect to violence against women, despite international conventions and laws aimed at combating this type of violence, we are still faced with serious problems and social consequences without significant advances. In the last decades, the places where such violence occur have expanded and an important, yet understudied, environment is the university. The current study aimed to identify and analyze complaints of violence from women in Brazilian public universities which were reported on pages of a social network. This was a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research, based on thematic content analysis. The data consisted of anonymous complaints obtained from four communities created on the social network Facebook, whose titles suggest links with three public universities located in the state of São Paulo. A preliminary analysis carried out using the software NVivo Software and word clouds allowed to identify complaints that could be classified as physical, sexual and psychological violence, suggesting abusive relationships. It was not possible for us to identify the demographic profile of individuals who carried out these violent acts. It was possible to define through these reports that the figures of a friend, a boyfriend and/or a teacher stood out. It is also noted the presence of a hierarchical structure related to the authority of the teacher and the senior student, which implies power relationships inherited from a patriarchal culture and of 9 objectification of women. The spaces where violence against women occurred were diverse, with the predominance of parties and student residences, but also the university campus itself. Many complaints involved prejudice against women, defamation and verbal offenses, but there were also reports of rape. We considered that social networks seem to become not only a space for complaints, but a place for visibility of the problem, recognition of violent and abusive behaviours, and peer support in the face of the devastating experiences without the proper acknowledgement from the public authorities
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ensino Superior, Violência contra as Mulheres, Identidade de Gênero, Ciberespaço, Redes Sociais, Violence against Women, Gender Identity, Higher Education, Cyberspace, Social Networks