Partidos políticos no Maranhão oitocentista: origens, influências familiares e composição social (1838-1855)
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2021-11-05
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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No Maranhão, o processo de construção das bases dos grupos que iriam tomar para si a designação de partidos políticos começou a despontar na década de 1830 e significou o princípio do período de instabilidades na vida política da província. A ocasião das Regências, a emergência da Balaiada, a Maioridade e os processos que seguiram de 1840 até 1855 ajudaram a moldar as características dos grupos que iriam dominar a cena política durante todo o Segundo Reinado. Os partidos políticos maranhenses foram forjados dentro de um contexto que guardava certos resquícios das estruturas de poder do Primeiro Reinado e que tentavam se adequar à ordem liberal em um período de transição. A presença das famílias abastadas como parte fundamental dos núcleos partidários foram umas das mais importantes características do exercício do poder nessa porção do norte do Brasil. Nas eleições, a autoafirmação dessas agremiações se sobressaía, pois uma vitória eleitoral lhes assegurava o ganho dos cargos dos eletivos, facilitava o acesso aos empregos públicos, além de ser uma possibilidade de sobrevivência na conjuntura política local. Nesse período, afloravam ainda mais as rivalidades, permeadas de estratégias, fraudes e violências, pois o desejo de ser o partido majoritário e parte integrante na administração do governo era a garantia de permanência nas esferas de poder. Por meio da imprensa, divulgavam seus objetivos, ideologias, identificavam adversários e versavam sobre a vida política do Império brasileiro.
The process accounting for building the bases of groups that would appoint political parties in Maranhão State has started in the 1830s; it featured the beginning of an instability period in the province’s political life, at that time. Regencies, the emergence of the social revolt called “Balaiada”, the declaration of D. Pedro II’s age of majority and the subsequent processes that had taken place from 1840 to 1855 helped shaping the features of groups that would dominate the political scene throughout the Second Empire. Political parties in Maranhão State were forged within a context that kept certain power structures remaining from the First Empire; these groups tried to adapt themselves to the liberal order, during a transition period-of-time. The presence of wealthy families as fundamental part of party cores was one of the most important features of the power exerted in Northern Brazil. The self-assertion of such associations stood out in the elections, since electoral victories granted these families some elective positions, made their access to public job positions easier, as well as enabled their survival in the local political scenario. Rivalry got even stronger during this time, which was featured by strategies, fraud and violence as actions attempting to ensure the presence of certain parties, as integral part of governmental administrations and their permanence in the power spheres. These parties used the press to publicize their goals and ideologies, to identify their opponents and to discuss about the political life during the Brazilian Empire.
The process accounting for building the bases of groups that would appoint political parties in Maranhão State has started in the 1830s; it featured the beginning of an instability period in the province’s political life, at that time. Regencies, the emergence of the social revolt called “Balaiada”, the declaration of D. Pedro II’s age of majority and the subsequent processes that had taken place from 1840 to 1855 helped shaping the features of groups that would dominate the political scene throughout the Second Empire. Political parties in Maranhão State were forged within a context that kept certain power structures remaining from the First Empire; these groups tried to adapt themselves to the liberal order, during a transition period-of-time. The presence of wealthy families as fundamental part of party cores was one of the most important features of the power exerted in Northern Brazil. The self-assertion of such associations stood out in the elections, since electoral victories granted these families some elective positions, made their access to public job positions easier, as well as enabled their survival in the local political scenario. Rivalry got even stronger during this time, which was featured by strategies, fraud and violence as actions attempting to ensure the presence of certain parties, as integral part of governmental administrations and their permanence in the power spheres. These parties used the press to publicize their goals and ideologies, to identify their opponents and to discuss about the political life during the Brazilian Empire.
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Partidos políticos, Ciência política, Poder (Ciências sociais), Brasil - História - Império - 1822-1889