Análise do incrementalismo orçamentário no âmbito municipal
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Data
2021-12-02
Autores
Ribeiro, Lucas
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O orçamento público é uma peça significativa na definição dos objetivos da administração pública. Com isso, sua análise, sob o ponto de vista de como ocorre o processo de sua costura, é fundamental para que sejam pensados os destinos e a factibilidade das políticas públicas. Assim, o presente trabalho busca realizar uma análise orçamentária dos municípios paulistas à luz da lógica incrementalista. O incrementalismo, por seu turno, refere-se aos processos mais políticos do que técnicos a serem desenvolvidos quando da elaboração do orçamento público e/ou de políticas públicas, permitindo aos policy makers e aos burocratas uma ação mais baseada na incerteza do que em um processo racional-decisório. Partindo disso, procura-se demonstrar, via pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, quais são as similaridades e as diferenças orçamentárias destes entes com relação a esta teoria. Com isso, é possível também apresentar de que forma a utilização desse orçamento é politicamente debatida e a forma como tal é investido em políticas públicas. Os documentos a serem analisados fazem parte, em primeiro lugar, do rol de peças orçamentárias municipais, observando seus respectivos PPA (Planos Plurianuais) e LDO (Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias), examinando-se de que forma este orçamento fora previamente planejado e como ele efetivamente foi realizado, além de programas de metas e leis complementares, no que se refere à implementação de políticas públicas. Além do mais, no campo teórico, será fundamental a leitura de autores como Charles Lindblom e Aaron Wildavsky, que, nos anos 1960 e 1970, propuseram a lógica do incrementalismo nos estudos acadêmicos. A análise de dados será realizada, portanto, de forma bibliográfica, baseada em leituras de documentos e peças orçamentárias, para apresentar conclusões empíricas, e de obras e livros acerca da administração pública, para coadunar aquelas com estas. No que tange à questão metodológica, é fundamental a leitura de Laurence Bardin, pela qual é realizada uma significativa abordagem acerca da análise de conteúdo. Por fim, deseja-se concluir que a perspectiva incrementalista, se em voga nos municípios paulistas, é ainda um meio determinante na análise de políticas públicas à luz da administração pública, desenhando-se a possibilidade de o orçamento obedecer mais a meandros políticos do que técnicos.
The public budget is a significant piece in defining the objectives of public administration. Thus, its analysis, from the point of view of how the sewing process takes place, is fundamental for the destinies and feasibility of public policies to be thought of. Thus, the present work seeks to carry out a budgetary analysis of the São Paulo municipalities in the light of the incrementalist logic. Incrementalism, in turn, refers to more political than technical processes to be developed when drawing up the public budget and/or public policies, allowing policy makers and bureaucrats to act more based on uncertainty than on a rational-decision-making process. Based on this, we seek to demonstrate, via bibliographical and documentary research, which are the similarities and budget differences of these entities in relation to this theory. With this, it is also possible to present how the use of this budget is politically debated and how this is invested in public policies. The documents to be analyzed are, firstly, part of the list of municipal budget pieces, observing their respective PPA (Plurianual Plans) and LDO (Budget Guidelines Law), examining how this budget was previously planned and how it it was effectively carried out, in addition to programs of goals and complementary laws, with regard to the implementation of public policies. Furthermore, in the theoretical field, it will be essential to read authors such as Charles Lindblom and Aaron Wildavsky, who, in the 1960s and 1970s, proposed the logic of incrementalism in academic studies. Data analysis will be carried out, therefore, in a bibliographical way, based on readings of documents and budget pieces, to present empirical conclusions, and of works and books about public administration, to match those with them. Regarding the methodological issue, it is essential to read Laurence Bardin, through which a significant approach to content analysis is carried out. Finally, it is intended to conclude that the incrementalist perspective, if in vogue in São Paulo municipalities, is still a determining means in the analysis of public policies in the light of public administration, drawing the possibility of the budget obeying more political intricacies than technical.
The public budget is a significant piece in defining the objectives of public administration. Thus, its analysis, from the point of view of how the sewing process takes place, is fundamental for the destinies and feasibility of public policies to be thought of. Thus, the present work seeks to carry out a budgetary analysis of the São Paulo municipalities in the light of the incrementalist logic. Incrementalism, in turn, refers to more political than technical processes to be developed when drawing up the public budget and/or public policies, allowing policy makers and bureaucrats to act more based on uncertainty than on a rational-decision-making process. Based on this, we seek to demonstrate, via bibliographical and documentary research, which are the similarities and budget differences of these entities in relation to this theory. With this, it is also possible to present how the use of this budget is politically debated and how this is invested in public policies. The documents to be analyzed are, firstly, part of the list of municipal budget pieces, observing their respective PPA (Plurianual Plans) and LDO (Budget Guidelines Law), examining how this budget was previously planned and how it it was effectively carried out, in addition to programs of goals and complementary laws, with regard to the implementation of public policies. Furthermore, in the theoretical field, it will be essential to read authors such as Charles Lindblom and Aaron Wildavsky, who, in the 1960s and 1970s, proposed the logic of incrementalism in academic studies. Data analysis will be carried out, therefore, in a bibliographical way, based on readings of documents and budget pieces, to present empirical conclusions, and of works and books about public administration, to match those with them. Regarding the methodological issue, it is essential to read Laurence Bardin, through which a significant approach to content analysis is carried out. Finally, it is intended to conclude that the incrementalist perspective, if in vogue in São Paulo municipalities, is still a determining means in the analysis of public policies in the light of public administration, drawing the possibility of the budget obeying more political intricacies than technical.
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Palavras-chave
Incrementalismo, Administração Pública, Orçamento Público, Incrementalism, Public administration, Public budget