Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e o enfrentamento à desinformação nas eleições municipais de 2020
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Data
2021-11-12
Autores
Cafeo, Caroline Garcia
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mentira é algo presente no cenário político desde os primórdios, contudo, o fenômeno se modifica a partir do desenvolvimento tecnológico e ascensão das tecnologias de comunicação. Coloquialmente denominado fake news, se destaca com as eleições presidenciais norte americanas e a saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia (Brexit) em 2016, e nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2018. Desde então a produção e disseminação de informações intencionalmente falsas e fraudulentas tem impactado os processos eleitorais e as democracias em todo o mundo. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa busca compreender a desinformação e o seus desdobramentos especialmente no aspecto eleitoral. Em seguida, verifica com quais formas e estratégias comunicacionais a Justiça Eleitoral brasileira enfrentou a desinformação nas eleições municipais de 2020 durante a pandemia de coronavírus. A pesquisa também tem como finalidade identificar a compreensão dos usuários acerca da campanha “Se for fake news, não transmita” do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral com base nos comentários e interações nos materiais disponibilizados nas plataformas oficiais. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as abordagens metodológicas de revisão bibliográfica e documental da temática da desinformação, comunicação e Justiça Eleitoral. E a Análise de Conteúdo para o estudo do material e comentários da campanha de combate à desinformação do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, disponível nas plataformas do Youtube, Instagram e Facebook. A partir das análises foi possível verificar que os vídeos no tocante ao conteúdo seguiram as estratégias propostas no Programa de Enfrentamento, informar e educar os usuários acerca da desinformação. No entanto, em relação aos comentários os usuários aparentaram não compreender o intuito principal da campanha, predominando o descrédito em relação aos trabalhos e atuação da Justiça Eleitoral.
Lies have been present in the political scenario since the beginning, however, the phenomenon changes with technological development and the rise of communication technologies. Colloquially called false news, it stands out with previous US presidential elections and the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit) in 2016, and Brazilian presidential elections in 2018. Since then the production and dissemination of intentionally false and fraudulent information has had an impact on electoral processes and as democracies throughout the world. In this context, a research seeks to understand disinformation and its consequences, especially in the electoral aspect. Then, it verifies with which communicational ways and strategies the Brazilian Electoral Court faced misinformation in the 2020 municipal changes during a coronavirus pandemic. The survey also aims to identify the users' understanding of the TSE's “If it's fake news, don't transmit” campaign based on comments and interactions in the materials made available on official platforms. For that, the methodological approaches of bibliographic and documental review of the theme of disinformation, communication and Electoral Justice were used. And Content Analysis for the study of material and comments from the Superior Electoral Court's campaign to combat disinformation, available on Youtube, Instagram and Facebook platforms. From the analysis, it was possible to verify that the videos in terms of content followed the proposals in the Coping Program, informing and educating users about misinformation. However, in relation to the users' comments, they did not seem to understand the main purpose of the campaign, with a predominance of discredit in relation to the work and performance of the Electoral Justice.
Lies have been present in the political scenario since the beginning, however, the phenomenon changes with technological development and the rise of communication technologies. Colloquially called false news, it stands out with previous US presidential elections and the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit) in 2016, and Brazilian presidential elections in 2018. Since then the production and dissemination of intentionally false and fraudulent information has had an impact on electoral processes and as democracies throughout the world. In this context, a research seeks to understand disinformation and its consequences, especially in the electoral aspect. Then, it verifies with which communicational ways and strategies the Brazilian Electoral Court faced misinformation in the 2020 municipal changes during a coronavirus pandemic. The survey also aims to identify the users' understanding of the TSE's “If it's fake news, don't transmit” campaign based on comments and interactions in the materials made available on official platforms. For that, the methodological approaches of bibliographic and documental review of the theme of disinformation, communication and Electoral Justice were used. And Content Analysis for the study of material and comments from the Superior Electoral Court's campaign to combat disinformation, available on Youtube, Instagram and Facebook platforms. From the analysis, it was possible to verify that the videos in terms of content followed the proposals in the Coping Program, informing and educating users about misinformation. However, in relation to the users' comments, they did not seem to understand the main purpose of the campaign, with a predominance of discredit in relation to the work and performance of the Electoral Justice.
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Palavras-chave
Desinformação, Fake news, Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, Comunicação, Eleições municipais, Misinformation, Municipal elections, Superior Electoral Court, Communication