Caracterização do perfil sóciodemográfico e da sobrecarga em cuidadores de idosos de ambulatórios referenciados.
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2021-12-01
Autores
Fadini, Ana Maria Rodrigues
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial no contexto da transição demográfica. As condições inerentes ao envelhecimento adicionadas ao avanço de processos patológicos crônicos culminam em limitações físicas e psicossociais que demandam necessidade de cuidadores de idosos. O cuidador de idoso (CI) é o indivíduo que assume os cuidados frente as fragilidades funcionais, físicas e/ou cognitivas para atender as limitações e proporcionar qualidade de vida. A sobrecarga relaciona-se com resultados negativos da assistência ao idoso e que reflete e interfere na sua saúde mental e física. A Escala de Burden é um instrumento que mensura a sobrecarga do CI e é multidimensional e evita a generalização do da sobrecarga. Objetivos: caracterizar e analisar o perfil sociodemográfico do cuidador de idoso e identificar a sobrecarga de trabalho com o Inventario de Sobrecarga para cuidadores de idosos, a Escala de Burden. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional e transversal prospectivo, de acordo com o guideline Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE); realizado no município de Botucatu, São Paulo, com cuidadores de idosos que foram atendidos pelos serviços ambulatoriais referenciados de geriatria em um hospital de ensino universitário, de nível terciário e em uma unidade de Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e dezembro de 2020 nos locais de estudo. Dois instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados e nortearam a entrevista individual e semiestruturada: o questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Burden. Resultados: a amostra constituiu-se de 100 cuidadores de idosos, 80% do sexo feminino; 41% com nível de escolaridade no ensino médio; 79% possuem filhos e 95% possuem crença religiosa. Os valores absolutos quanto à sobrecarga dos CI foram: 16 com sobrecarga nula; 33 com sobrecarga moderada; 33 com sobrecarga moderada à severa; 18 com sobrecarga severa. As variáveis categóricas não possuíram valor estatístico significativo quando relacionadas aos scores de sobrecarga; as médias dos domínios calculadas isoladamente apresentaram aspectos relevantes a serem relacionados com a sobrecarga e seus condicionantes. Discussão: A escolaridade e a idade dos cuidadores são dois aspectos que se destacam para a elaboração de políticas públicas e planejamento em saúde. Conclusão: A caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico dos CI dos locais do estudo corrobora como subsídios para futuros estudos sobre a atenção e cuidado para a qualidade de vida e a identificação da sobrecarga prevalente, de forma a contribuir com a minimização dos efeitos negativos sobre a integralidade da saúde desses indivíduos.
Introduction: Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon in the context of the demographic transition. The inherent conditions of aging added to the advancement of chronic pathological processes culminate in physical and psychosocial limitations that demand the need for caregivers of the elderly. The elderly caregiver (IC) is the individual who assumes the care in the face of functional, physical and/or cognitive frailties in order to meet the limitations and provide quality of life. The overload is related to negative outcomes of elder care, which reflects and interferes with the mental and physical health of the elderly. The Burden Scale is an instrument that measures IC burden and is multidimensional and avoids generalizing the burden. Objectives: to characterize and analyze the sociodemographic profile of the caregiver of the elderly and identify the work overload with the Burden Scale Inventory for caregivers of the elderly. Methods: Quantitative, observational and prospective cross-sectional study, according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline; carried out in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, with caregivers of elderly individuals who were seen by the geriatrics outpatient referral services in a tertiary-level university teaching hospital and in a Primary Health Care (PHC) unit. Data collection took place between June and December 2020 at the study sites. Two collection instruments were used and guided the individual and semi-structured interview: the sociodemographic questionnaire and the Burden Scale. Results: The sample consisted of 100 caregivers of the elderly, 80% female; 41% with high school education; 79% with children, and 95% with religious beliefs. The absolute values regarding the burden of the ICs were: 16 with no burden; 33 with moderate burden; 33 with moderate to severe burden; 18 with severe burden. The categorical variables had no significant statistical value when related to the burden scores; the means of the domains calculated separately presented relevant aspects to be related to the burden and its conditioning factors. Discussion: The education and age of caregivers are two aspects that stand out for public policy making and health planning. Conclusion: The characterization of the sociodemographic profile of the ICs at the study sites corroborates as subsidies for future studies on attention and care for quality of life and the identification of the prevalent burden, in order to contribute to the minimization of the negative effects on the integrality of the health of these individuals.
Introduction: Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon in the context of the demographic transition. The inherent conditions of aging added to the advancement of chronic pathological processes culminate in physical and psychosocial limitations that demand the need for caregivers of the elderly. The elderly caregiver (IC) is the individual who assumes the care in the face of functional, physical and/or cognitive frailties in order to meet the limitations and provide quality of life. The overload is related to negative outcomes of elder care, which reflects and interferes with the mental and physical health of the elderly. The Burden Scale is an instrument that measures IC burden and is multidimensional and avoids generalizing the burden. Objectives: to characterize and analyze the sociodemographic profile of the caregiver of the elderly and identify the work overload with the Burden Scale Inventory for caregivers of the elderly. Methods: Quantitative, observational and prospective cross-sectional study, according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline; carried out in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, with caregivers of elderly individuals who were seen by the geriatrics outpatient referral services in a tertiary-level university teaching hospital and in a Primary Health Care (PHC) unit. Data collection took place between June and December 2020 at the study sites. Two collection instruments were used and guided the individual and semi-structured interview: the sociodemographic questionnaire and the Burden Scale. Results: The sample consisted of 100 caregivers of the elderly, 80% female; 41% with high school education; 79% with children, and 95% with religious beliefs. The absolute values regarding the burden of the ICs were: 16 with no burden; 33 with moderate burden; 33 with moderate to severe burden; 18 with severe burden. The categorical variables had no significant statistical value when related to the burden scores; the means of the domains calculated separately presented relevant aspects to be related to the burden and its conditioning factors. Discussion: The education and age of caregivers are two aspects that stand out for public policy making and health planning. Conclusion: The characterization of the sociodemographic profile of the ICs at the study sites corroborates as subsidies for future studies on attention and care for quality of life and the identification of the prevalent burden, in order to contribute to the minimization of the negative effects on the integrality of the health of these individuals.
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Carga de trabalho, Cuidadores, Estresse psicológico, Idoso, Esgotamento profissional, Workload, Caregivers, Aged, Burnout, Professional, , Stress, Psychological