Design de poltronas asilares: diretrizes para projeto ergonômico com base na experiência do usuário
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Data
2021-11-17
Autores
Watzel, Mariana Petruccelli Pires
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento de idosos no mundo revela a necessidade da preparação de espaços para receber e satisfazer as demandas desse grupo que vem crescendo significativamente. A mudança do perfil dos seus usuários, diante de novas exigências e de um cenário alterado por evoluções tecnológicas que propiciam o aumento da longevidade, fazem com que os produtos desenvolvidos, e disponibilizados, partam de um novo paradigma, uma vez que se destinam a pessoas que possuem objetivos, desejos e tarefas diferentes daqueles de apenas algumas décadas atrás. O design de novos produtos ou adequação dos existentes, deve colocar o usuário no centro deste processo, dessa forma a experiências do usuário (UX) se torna um elemento chave para identificação dos requisitos que irão direcionar o projeto. A experiência do usuário possibilita estabelecer diretrizes para a adequação das questões ergonômicas envolvidas no design de poltronas asilares, com relação aos seus aspectos funcionais, cognitivos, emocionais e ambientais. Para isso, um protocolo de tarefas foi desenvolvido a partir de um mesmo modelo de poltrona disponível no mercado, levando em consideração três condições diferentes de uso: a) quando nova; b) adaptada para as condições mínimas de uso; c) adaptada às melhores condições possíveis de uso. A personalização da poltrona também foi disponibilizada ao usuário, por meio de itens avulsos, para identificar outras possibilidades. A pesquisa investigou a interação do idoso institucionalizado, dentro do seu contexto de uso, com a poltrona, em cada uma das condições propostas, e assim, propôs diretrizes ergonômicas para o projeto de poltronas asilares. Participaram 11 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros institucionalizados a mais de 12 meses, entre 65 e 90 anos, considerando a capacidade cognitiva e funcional de acordo com a pontuação mínima exigida pelos exames: Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e o exame proposto por Sidney Katz (Escala de Katz) com avaliação da autonomia baseada nas Atividades da Vida Diária (AVDs). Participaram também 9 colaboradores da Instituição, dos quais 3 têm mais de 60 anos, totalizando 20 participantes. Esses participantes foram submetidos a técnicas de pesquisa indutiva, quantitativa, qualitativa, exploratória, transversal com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As hipóteses desta pesquisa são: é possível desenvolver um protocolo para definir as tarefas a serem realizadas na poltrona o que permite avaliar seu uso; a experiência do usuário possibilita entender as diferentes condições de uso de uma poltrona popular, conhecida como “poltrona do papai” disponibilizada no mercado; é possível perceber que existe uma série de oportunidades de melhorias possíveis para poltronas, que teriam impacto direto na experiência dos usuários em âmbito cognitivo, funcional, emocional e ambiental; a experiência do usuário permite estabelecer diretrizes para o aprimoramento do design ergonômico de poltronas asilares. Como resultado final foram apresentadas as diretrizes que levarão a se desenvolver o design ergonômico dessas poltronas de acordo com as necessidades de seus usuários.
The increase in the elderly in the world reveals the need to prepare spaces to receive and satisfy the demands of this group that has been growing significantly. The change in the profile of its users, in the face of new requirements and a scenario altered by technological developments that promote increased longevity, make the products developed, and made available, start from a new paradigm, since they are intended for people, who have different goals, desires and tasks from those of only a few decades ago. The design of new products or suitability of existing ones, should put the user at the center of this process, and user experiences (UX) becomes a key element for identifying the requirements that will direct the project. The thesis is that the user experience makes it possible to establish guidelines for the adequacy of ergonomic issues involved in the design of nursing rooms, in relation to their functional, cognitive, emotional and environmental aspects. For this, a task protocol was developed from the same model of armchair available in the market, taking into account three different conditions of use: a) when new; b) adapted to the minimum conditions of use; c) adapted to the best possible conditions of use. The customization of the armchair was also made available to the user, through loose items, to identify other possibilities. The research investigated the interaction of the institutionalized elderly, within its context of use, with the armchair, in each of the proposed conditions, and thus proposes ergonomic guidelines for the design of nursing armchairs. Participants were 11 individuals of both genders institutionalized at more than 12 months, between 65 and 90 years, considering cognitive and functional capacity according to the minimum score required by the exams: Mine Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the examination proposed by Sidney Katz (Katz Scale) with assessment of autonomy based on Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Also participated, 9 employees of the Institution of which 3 are over 60 years old, totaling 20 participants. These participants were submitted to inductive, quantitative, qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional research techniques with the application of semi-structured interviews. The hypotheses of this research are: it is possible to develop a protocol to define the tasks to be performed in the armchair, which allows evaluating its use; the user experience makes it possible to understand the different conditions of use of a popular armchair, known as "dad's armchair" available on the market; it is possible to notice that there are a number of opportunities for possible improvements for armchairs, which would have a direct impact on the experience of users in the cognitive, functional, emotional and environmental spheres; the user experience allows us to establish guidelines for the improvement of the ergonomic design of nursing armchairs. . As a final result, the guidelines that will lead to the development of the ergonomic design of these armchairs were presented according to the needs of their users
The increase in the elderly in the world reveals the need to prepare spaces to receive and satisfy the demands of this group that has been growing significantly. The change in the profile of its users, in the face of new requirements and a scenario altered by technological developments that promote increased longevity, make the products developed, and made available, start from a new paradigm, since they are intended for people, who have different goals, desires and tasks from those of only a few decades ago. The design of new products or suitability of existing ones, should put the user at the center of this process, and user experiences (UX) becomes a key element for identifying the requirements that will direct the project. The thesis is that the user experience makes it possible to establish guidelines for the adequacy of ergonomic issues involved in the design of nursing rooms, in relation to their functional, cognitive, emotional and environmental aspects. For this, a task protocol was developed from the same model of armchair available in the market, taking into account three different conditions of use: a) when new; b) adapted to the minimum conditions of use; c) adapted to the best possible conditions of use. The customization of the armchair was also made available to the user, through loose items, to identify other possibilities. The research investigated the interaction of the institutionalized elderly, within its context of use, with the armchair, in each of the proposed conditions, and thus proposes ergonomic guidelines for the design of nursing armchairs. Participants were 11 individuals of both genders institutionalized at more than 12 months, between 65 and 90 years, considering cognitive and functional capacity according to the minimum score required by the exams: Mine Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the examination proposed by Sidney Katz (Katz Scale) with assessment of autonomy based on Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Also participated, 9 employees of the Institution of which 3 are over 60 years old, totaling 20 participants. These participants were submitted to inductive, quantitative, qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional research techniques with the application of semi-structured interviews. The hypotheses of this research are: it is possible to develop a protocol to define the tasks to be performed in the armchair, which allows evaluating its use; the user experience makes it possible to understand the different conditions of use of a popular armchair, known as "dad's armchair" available on the market; it is possible to notice that there are a number of opportunities for possible improvements for armchairs, which would have a direct impact on the experience of users in the cognitive, functional, emotional and environmental spheres; the user experience allows us to establish guidelines for the improvement of the ergonomic design of nursing armchairs. . As a final result, the guidelines that will lead to the development of the ergonomic design of these armchairs were presented according to the needs of their users
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Poltrona asilar, Experiência do usuário, Diretrizes para design de poltronas, Análise ergonômica, Design, Armchair, User experience, Guidelines for armchair design, Ergonomic analysis