O atleta trabalhador e os limites do poder diretivo na relação juslaboral clube-atleta
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Data
2021-12-07
Autores
Peres, Fernando Melo Gama
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desde manifestações intrinsecamente culturais em civilizações de diferentes épocas e regiões até a indústria multibilionária que é atualmente, o esporte passou, necessariamente, pela regulação jurídica, de forma a garantir sua melhor organização e prática. Nessa senda, o esportista passa do lazer ao labor e, então, a ser tutelado juridicamente como trabalhador. Vinculado a um clube (empregador), o atleta (empregado) dedica-se ao trabalho como qualquer outro obreiro, de sorte que esta relação também é tutelada pelo Estado. Sendo o atleta parte de um negócio jurídico trabalhista, aplicam-se à relação clube-atleta as noções de Direito do Trabalho, como o poder diretivo do empregador. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o papel do poder diretivo do empregador na relação de emprego junto ao atleta profissional, de sorte a delinear suas possibilidades e limites jurídicos e, finalmente, as consequências na relação juslaboral decorrentes do abuso do poder diretivo pelo empregador. Para a definição dos conceitos gerais e construção das propostas da investigação, utiliza-se o método da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com natureza descritiva, e o método de abordagem dedutivo. A partir do conhecimento acerca da relação juslaboral entre clube e atleta, também é feita análise de situações proeminentes das relações de trabalho desportivo e tangentes ao objetivo da pesquisa. Conclui-se que, tal como em quase toda manifestação de poder, o balanço entre licitude e abuso é delicado, e não são poucos os casos em que há o abuso do poder diretivo desportivo, implicando em danos ao meio ambiente de trabalho e à relação contratual.
From mainly cultural manifestations of civilizations from different times and regions to a multi-billion-dollar industry, sport necessarily underwent legal regulation, to guarantee better organization and practice. Through time, the athlete came from leisure to labour, and the to be legally protected as a worker. Linked to a club (employer), the athlete (employee) is dedicated to work such as any other worker, so that this relationship is also supervise by the State. As the athlete is part of an employment contract, to the club-athlete relation are applied general rules of Labour Law, such as the notion of the directive power of the employer. This study aims to understand the role of the employer's directive power in the employment relations of the professional athlete, in order to comprehend its legal possibilities and limits and, finally, as consequences in the labor relationship resulting from the employer's abuse of directive power. To define general concepts and construction of a thesis, the method of bibliographic and documentary research is used, with a descriptive nature, and taking a deductive approach to it. From the knowledge about the labour relationship between club and athlete, the analysis of prominent hypotheses of sports work relationships and those related to the research objective is also carried out. As a conclusion, as in almost every power manifestation, the balance between rightful practices and abuse is delicate, and there are many cases in which directive power is abused in sports, resulting in damages to the work environment and the contract itself.
From mainly cultural manifestations of civilizations from different times and regions to a multi-billion-dollar industry, sport necessarily underwent legal regulation, to guarantee better organization and practice. Through time, the athlete came from leisure to labour, and the to be legally protected as a worker. Linked to a club (employer), the athlete (employee) is dedicated to work such as any other worker, so that this relationship is also supervise by the State. As the athlete is part of an employment contract, to the club-athlete relation are applied general rules of Labour Law, such as the notion of the directive power of the employer. This study aims to understand the role of the employer's directive power in the employment relations of the professional athlete, in order to comprehend its legal possibilities and limits and, finally, as consequences in the labor relationship resulting from the employer's abuse of directive power. To define general concepts and construction of a thesis, the method of bibliographic and documentary research is used, with a descriptive nature, and taking a deductive approach to it. From the knowledge about the labour relationship between club and athlete, the analysis of prominent hypotheses of sports work relationships and those related to the research objective is also carried out. As a conclusion, as in almost every power manifestation, the balance between rightful practices and abuse is delicate, and there are many cases in which directive power is abused in sports, resulting in damages to the work environment and the contract itself.
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Palavras-chave
Atleta profissional, Relação clube-empregado, Emprego desportivo, Poder diretivo, Abuso de poder, Professional athlete, Club-employee relationship, Sports labour, Directive power, Power abuse