Análise da viabilidade técnico-econômica de fundações em solos colapsíveis
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Data
2021-11-03
Autores
Auricchio, Luciano Corrêa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos colapsíveis experimentam grandes deformações volumétricas ao serem inundados. O colapso do solo é um problema geotécnico que ocorre em diferentes regiões do mundo e impacta profundamente edificações de pequeno e médio porte e obras de infraestrutura construídos neste tipo de solo, com os impactos associados à segurança e a economia. Em grande parte do território brasileiro obras de geotecnia são executadas sobre camadas de solo colapsível. A colapsibilidade dos solos tem sido extensamente estudada, porém, na prática de engenharia a consideração do comportamento colapsível dos solos nos projetos de fundações ainda é muito pequena. Neste trabalho, são estudadas a viabilidade técnica e econômica de sete tipos diferentes de projeto de fundações de uma edificação térrea, divididos entre dois projetos de estaca apiloada e cinco projetos de sapata, sendo três projetos considerando colunas de solo compactado como reforço e dois projetos com solo sem o reforço. Para todos os projetos, variou-se o solo entre as condições natural e inundada. Com os resultados do dimensionamento dos elementos de fundação, foi possível determinar o custo total da obra, incluindo a mão de obra e os materiais envolvidos. Os resultados demonstram que ambas as propostas de melhoria do solo foram efetivas na redução da colapsibilidade do solo e que podem ser uma boa opção para reduzir incertezas e custos de uma obra sobre este tipo de solo, sobretudo a solução de reforço por colunas de solos compactadas no projeto de sapatas, indicando que a compactação é uma técnica sustentável e eficiente para melhorar o comportamento de solos colapsíveis, aumentando a capacidade de carga e reduzindo recalques por colapso de fundações neste tipo de solo problemático.
Collapsible soils goes through massive volumetric deformations when wetted. The soil collapse is a geotechnical problem that occurs in different regions of the world and profoundly impacts small and medium buildings and infrastructural developments built upon this type of soil, with financial and security impacts. Throughout the Brazilian territory geotechnical constructions are built upon layers of collapsible soil. The soil collapsibility has been extensively studied, but in the engineering practice the premises of collapsible behavior of the soil on foundation’s design is still small. This study proposes to assess the technical and economic viability of seven different foundation projects of a one-story house: two projects of ‘piled up’ piles and five projects of shallow foundations, of which three considered the soil column method and the other two with no soil reinforcement. In all cases, it was considered the soil in natural condition and saturated soil. The total cost for each project, including the labor and material costs, were estimated from the foundation’s projects. The results show that both soil reinforcement proposed methods were effective in reducing the soil collapsibility and can be a good way to reduce uncertainties and costs of a building on this type of soil, especially the method of reinforcement with soil columns on the shallow foundation’s project, indicating that the compaction is a sustainable and efficient method to enhance the behavior of collapsible soils, increasing the bear capacity and reducing the settlement cause by the collapse of foundations on this problematic type of soil.
Collapsible soils goes through massive volumetric deformations when wetted. The soil collapse is a geotechnical problem that occurs in different regions of the world and profoundly impacts small and medium buildings and infrastructural developments built upon this type of soil, with financial and security impacts. Throughout the Brazilian territory geotechnical constructions are built upon layers of collapsible soil. The soil collapsibility has been extensively studied, but in the engineering practice the premises of collapsible behavior of the soil on foundation’s design is still small. This study proposes to assess the technical and economic viability of seven different foundation projects of a one-story house: two projects of ‘piled up’ piles and five projects of shallow foundations, of which three considered the soil column method and the other two with no soil reinforcement. In all cases, it was considered the soil in natural condition and saturated soil. The total cost for each project, including the labor and material costs, were estimated from the foundation’s projects. The results show that both soil reinforcement proposed methods were effective in reducing the soil collapsibility and can be a good way to reduce uncertainties and costs of a building on this type of soil, especially the method of reinforcement with soil columns on the shallow foundation’s project, indicating that the compaction is a sustainable and efficient method to enhance the behavior of collapsible soils, increasing the bear capacity and reducing the settlement cause by the collapse of foundations on this problematic type of soil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Engenharia civil, Geotecnia, Fundações, Solos colapsíveis, Solos não saturados