A aplicação das teorias revisionistas aos contratos desequilibrados pela pandemia de Covid-19
Data
2021-11-30
Autores
Bertolletti, Bruna Benzi
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como escopo investigar se os tribunais brasileiros estão utilizando as teorias revisionistas adotadas pelo ordenamento jurídico nos contratos desequilibrados pela pandemia de Covid-19. Primeiramente, foi necessário fazer uma introdução a respeito do conceito de contrato, apresentando os seus elementos constitutivos, os seus princípios informadores e as classificações relevantes ao tema. Em seguida, discorreu-se acerca das teorias revisionistas presentes no sistema jurídico brasileiro, quais sejam a Teoria da Base Objetiva do Negócio Jurídico, a Teoria da Imprevisão e a Teoria da Onerosidade Excessiva, explicitando os momentos em que foram idealizadas, o processo de incorporação pelo ordenamento brasileiro e os requisitos exigidos pelos dispositivos legais que tratam sobre a revisão contratual. Por fim, rememorou-se o histórico e os efeitos da pandemia no Brasil e no mundo, salientando-se a dificuldade de adimplemento dos contratos pela qual muitas pessoas passaram e, então, analisaram-se algumas decisões judiciais que tratam da revisão contratual. Para que isso fosse possível, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, natureza aplicada, objetivo exploratório e procedimento bibliográfico e documental, visto que foram utilizados como parâmetros dispositivos legais, doutrinas, artigos científicos e jurisprudência majoritariamente do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo. Como resultado, então, concluiu-se que os tribunais estão admitindo a aplicação de tais teorias, mas somente aos casos que comprovem se adequar aos requisitos exigidos pelos arts. 478 ou 317 do Código Civil ou ao art. 6º, V, do Código de Defesa do Consumidor.
The present study aims to investigate whether Brazilian courts are using the revisionist theories adopted by the legal system in contracts unbalanced by the Covid-19 pandemic. First, it was necessary to make an introduction about the concept of contract, and was presented its constituent elements, its informing principles and some of its classifications that were relevant to the theme. Then, there was a discussion about the revisionist theories present in the Brazilian legal system, namely the Theory of the Breakdown of the Objective Basis of the Legal Business, the Theory of Unpredictability and the Theory of Excessive Burden, known as hardship in the common law, explaining the moments in which they were idealized, the process of incorporation by the Brazilian law and the requirements demanded by the legal provisions that deal with the contractual revision. Finally, the history and effects of the pandemic in Brazil and in the world were reviewed, emphasizing the difficulty of fulfilling the contracts that many people have gone through, and then some court decisions dealing with the contractual review were analyzed. In order for this to be possible, it was necessary to take place a qualitative approach applied nature, exploratory objectives and bibliographic and documentary procedure research, since legal provisions, doctrines, scientific articles and jurisprudence were used, mainly from the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo. Therefore, as a result, it was concluded that the courts are admitting the application of such theories, but only to cases that prove to be adequate to the requirements demanded by articles 478 or 317 of the Civil Code or art. 6, V, of the Consumer Defense Code.
The present study aims to investigate whether Brazilian courts are using the revisionist theories adopted by the legal system in contracts unbalanced by the Covid-19 pandemic. First, it was necessary to make an introduction about the concept of contract, and was presented its constituent elements, its informing principles and some of its classifications that were relevant to the theme. Then, there was a discussion about the revisionist theories present in the Brazilian legal system, namely the Theory of the Breakdown of the Objective Basis of the Legal Business, the Theory of Unpredictability and the Theory of Excessive Burden, known as hardship in the common law, explaining the moments in which they were idealized, the process of incorporation by the Brazilian law and the requirements demanded by the legal provisions that deal with the contractual revision. Finally, the history and effects of the pandemic in Brazil and in the world were reviewed, emphasizing the difficulty of fulfilling the contracts that many people have gone through, and then some court decisions dealing with the contractual review were analyzed. In order for this to be possible, it was necessary to take place a qualitative approach applied nature, exploratory objectives and bibliographic and documentary procedure research, since legal provisions, doctrines, scientific articles and jurisprudence were used, mainly from the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo. Therefore, as a result, it was concluded that the courts are admitting the application of such theories, but only to cases that prove to be adequate to the requirements demanded by articles 478 or 317 of the Civil Code or art. 6, V, of the Consumer Defense Code.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Desequilíbrio superveniente do contrato, Pandemia de Covid-19, Imprevisibilidade, Onerosidade excessiva, Revisão contratual, Supervening imbalance of the contract, COVID-19 pandemic, Unpredictability, Excessive burden, Adaptation of the contract